#Good Bye.

It is difficult to say Good Bye to a great experience.

More so, if you have enjoyed every minute of it.

But, there comes a time for one to part with such a memorable experience.

Now, it’s just the right time for me to bid good bye.

For over eight years, I have had an enviable and fantastic time with eemaata.

And, fond memories!

I have carefully canned those sweet memories with no expiration date.

I have enjoyed working with all my colleagues, past and present.They are serious, helpful and committed. They have been more than generous with my idiosyncrasies. And, believe me, I have many of them!

I sincerely thank the writers, reviewers and most of all the readers.

I had a wonderful time reading all the comments - intelligent and intriguing; admiring as well as adverse.

I have no doubt that eemaata will reach great heights in future, and certainly standout as a unique elite e-magazine, par excellence.

Best wishes to Madhav Machavaram, and Panini Sankhavaram, two incredible editors of eemaata.

Regards,
Venkateswara Rao Veluri.

“orE nAnnA,

nAnna
veMkaTa subrahmaNya dIkshitulu”

uttaraM chadivi rAmaM navvukunnADu. phOTOlO ammAy navvutOMdi. uttaraM chEttO paTTukuni naDichEDu apArTumeMT lOki. rAtri bhOjanaM ayyEka muMdu iMTiki phOn chEsi cheppEDu, uttaraM vachchina saMgatI, tanu A rOjE phOn chEstunnaTTU. chivarlO phOn peTTEsE muMdu rAmaM cheppEDu, mE nelaki akkaDiki vaddAmanukuMTunnAnu. ippuDu TikkeT buk chEsukuMTE chavaggA dorakochchu ani. phOn peTTEsETappuDu dIkshitulu hechchariMchEDu rAmAnni. “mATlADETappuDu jAgratta. ammAyi nAnna gAru pichchi pichchi vEshAlu vinE Taip kAdu” anI.

tarvAta tIriggA rAmaM kAyitaM mIda rAsEDu tAnu aDagavalsina praSnalU avI. 1) vaMTa vachchA? Cha, Cha. modaTlOnE vaMTa guriMchi aDagaDaM bAguMDadu. koTTEsi maLLI modaleTTEDu. 1) mI pEru? EDisinaTTuMdi. tanaki pEru telsI aDagaDaM EM bAvuMTuMdi? (koTTEsi maLLI,) 1) mIru Emi chEstunnAru ippuDu? EdO gurtochchinaTTU nAnna paMpina kAyitaM phOTO chUsEDu. vaijAgulO bhArat hevI plETs aMD veselslO iMjanIrgA panichEstOMdi ani rASAru gadA? hatOsmi. oka aragaMTa kustI paTTi mottAniki oka lisTu tayAru chEsEDu rAmaM. kudurugA kUchuni phOn chEyaDaM modaleTTEDu. aTuvaipu evarO chinna pillavADettADu.

“evaru kAvAli?” dabAyiMpugA aDigEDu.

“nA pEru rAmaM. bAbu, mI akka iMTlO uMdA?”

“E akka, peddakkA chinnakkA?”

gatukkumannADu rAmaM. iddarammAyilunnArA? “sItakka bAbU.”

“uMdi. mAvayyA, sItatta kOsaM evarO rAmaM phOn chEstunnADu.” arichEDu pilla rAkshasuDu.

“sIta attA?” kaLLu tirigEy rAmAniki. iMtalOnE oka ADa kaMThaM vinabaDiMdi.

“hallO evaru kAvAlaMDI?”

“namastE. nA pEru rAmaM. nEnu amerikA nuMchi mATlADutunnAnu. mA nAnna gAru mI phOTO paMpiMchEru. mItO kAsEpu mATlADaTaM kudurutuMdA?” gauravaMgA aDigEDu.

teralu teralugA navvu. “hallO” annADu rAmaM.

“A halO! marE, mIru mATlADavalsiMdi nItatO. sIta kAdu. pilustAnuMDaMDi.”

kaLLu tirigEyi rAmAniki. maLLI okasAri uttaraMlO rAsina pEru chUsEDu. nIta badulu sIta ani rAsinaTTuMdi. oLLu daggira peTTukuni kUrchunnADu rAmaM. nIta phOn ettAka kalagA pulagaMgA tanu ekkaDa chaduvukuMdI, A kAlEjIlO tanaki telsina vALLu unnArA alA alA panikirAni chetta mATlADi, mottammIda tanu mE nelalO vastunnaTTU appuDu kalusukOvaDaM vIlaitE chUddAM anaDaMtO mATlADDaM pUrtayiMdi. phOn peTTEsETappuDu aDigEDu,

“modaTa phOn ettina kurrADu mI tammuDA?”

“lEdu mA pakkiMTi abbAyi,” vachchiMdi samAdhAnaM.

mukkasya mukkArdhaMgA mATlADinaTTanipiMchiMdi rAmAniki. koMcheM aSAMtigA anipiMchiMdi kAdU?

marO vAraM gaDichEka maLLI phOn chEsEDu rAmaM nItaki. I sAri modaTlOnE nIta nAnna SAstri gAru ettEru phOn.

“namaskAraM. nA pEru rAmaM, mI DATar nIta phOTO mA phAdar paMpiMchEru. kritaM vAraM…”

“chUDu nAyanA, mottaM aMtA telugulOnE mATlADU, lEkapOtE iMglIshulOnE mATlADu. mAkU iMglIshu vachchu. I kalagApulagaM bAshavallE mana telugu nASanaM aipOtOMdi.” mRduvugAnE annA churukkuna tagiliMdi rAmAniki.

“sarE naMDi. okasAri nItatO mATlADDaM kudurutuMdA?”

“A, kudurutuMdi. nItA, ninnu rAmaM pilustunnADu.”

nIta phOn tIsukunnAka aDigEDu rAmaM “bijIgA unnArA? ippuDu mATlADaTaM kudurutuMdA?”

“lEdu cheppaMDi.”

“nAku grIn kArD rAvaDAniki aplai chEstunnAnu. peLLi ayitE AlumagaliddarikI okEsAri grIn kArD istAru. mIku amerikA rAvaDAniki abhyaMtaraM EmainA uMdA? adE… manaki okarinokaraM nachchitEnE leMDi. asalu aDugutunnAnu.”

“O, iMkA aMta dUraM AlOchiMchalEdu mEmu.”

“mI releTivs evarainA amerikAlO unnArA?”

“mA bAva unnADu. hArvarD bijines skUllO prophesargA panichEstunnADu. I madhyanE chErEDu”

“nEnaMta telivi galavADni kAdaMDOy” saradAgA annADu rAmaM

“mari mIru amerikA elA veLLEru?”

“EdO gAli vATaM. emmessI ayyEka khALIgA kUrchODaM eMdukani haidrAbAdulO SAp kOrsulO jErAnu. akkaDE chinna udyOgaM vachchiMdi. alAgalAga gAliki tEltU ikkaDaki koTTukochchEnu.”

“O, mIru sAphT vEr iMjinIr annamATA?”

“munupu ilAgE anEvAru. ippuDu iMjinIr anEdi tIsEsi SAp propheshanal aMTunnAru.”

“akkaDE amerikAlO seTil avutArA? sAdhAraNaMgA eppuDu iMDiyA vastU uMTAru?”

“seTil avudAmanE anukuMTunnAnu. mUDu nAlugELLakO sAri vastU uMTAnu.”

“eMtakAlaM nuMDI unnAru akkaDa?”

“nEnikkaDaki vachchi ArELLu avutOMdaMDi.”

“…”

tarvAta Emi mATlADalO tOchalEdu rAmAniki. maLLI tarvAta chEstAnu ani phOn peTTESADu.

ayitE phOn peTTESAka iMkO sAri maLLI phOn cheyyaDaM anavasaraM anipiMchakapOlEdu. rAmaM tarvAta AphIs prOjakT^lO bijI ayyEDu. eMtagA aMTE rAtri E padiMTikO rAvaDaM reMDu metukulu tini maLLI poddunnE AriMTiki bayaldEraDaMtO asalu tIrika lEkuMDA pOyiMdi. nAlugu vArAla selavu kAvAlaMTE EDAdiki padirOjula selavulunna dESaMlO elAga kudurutuMdi gADida chAkirI chEyakapOtE?

SrIdEvi chirrettipOvaDaM mUDaMchellO jarigiMdi. tanu rAsukuMTunna pATalO lInamai vuMDaDaM valla Ameki A chappuDu muMdu lIlagA vinipiMchiMdi. vini koMcheM chirAku lAMTidi kaligiMdi. koMcheM sEpaTi tarvAta tana EkAgrataki bhaMgaM kaligEsariki kOpaM modalaiMdi. iMkoMcheM sEpaTi tarvAta A chappuDu tAnu rAstU pADukoMTunna pATani vekkiristunnaTTanipiMchi avamAnaMlOki dAri tIsiMdi.

pai gadilO vuMDE vedhavannara vedhavaki tAnu vayOlIn mIda vAyistunna pATa nachchaka alA bUTlatO tappuDu tALaM vEstU goDava peDutunnADannamATa. kOpaMtO paLLu paTa paTA koriki lEchiMdi SrIdEvi. vADiki buddhi cheppakuMDA vadilEdi lEdu. AvESaMtO Ame cheMpalu errabaDDAyi, kaLLu nippulu kakkAyi. tana gadilOMchi bayaTiki vachchi meTlekkiMdi. A kshaNaMlO Ameni chUsina vArevvarainA, A pai gadilO vunna amAyakuDi mIda jAli paDaka mAnaru. tana mIdiki rAbOtunna suDigAli guriMchi teliyadu pApaM, ani niTTUrchaka mAnaru! SrIdEvi talupu gaTTigA taTTiMdi.

“yas! kamin,” lOpalnuMDi koMcheM prasannaMgA maga goMtu vinipiMchiMdi. goMtu eMta bAguMDI EM lAbhaM, manishi saMgItAnni avamAniMchE mUrkhuDiki!

SrIdEvi lOpaliki aDugEsiMdi. lOpala oka chinna gadi, oka peyiMTaru tana kOsaM tayAru chEsukunna sTUDiyOlA vuMdi. gadi SubhraMgAnE vunnA nirADaMbaraMgA vuMdi. gadi madhyalO bommalEsukOvaDAniki kAnvAs bigiMchina Isel vuMdi. Isel painuMchi sigareTTu poga tElutOMdi. Isel kiMdi niMchi jIns pEMT kALLu kanipistunnAyi. bUTlu toDukkunna A kALLu niraMtaraMgA nEla mIda rakarakAlugA tALaM vEstUnE vunnAyi.

“okka kshaNaM iTu chUstArA?” SrIdEvi maryAdagAnE aDigiMdi.

“voddaMDI! ippuDu nAkE mODals tOnU pani lEdu.” Isel venakaniMchi A mUrkhuDi goMtu vinochchiMdi. “mI aDrasu akkaDa A kAgitaM mIda rAsi peTTi veLLaMDi, avasaraM ayitE nEnE kaburu chEstAnu.”

“nEnu mODal^ni kAnu!” SrIdEvi kaThinaMgA aMdi.

A mATatO A goMtu tAlUku mohaM Isel venakaniMchi bayaTikochchiMdi. nOTlO vunna sigareTTuni yAsh TrElO peTTi kurchIlOMchi lEchADu.

“alAgA? muMdilA kUrchoMDi. evaru mIru? EM pani mIda vachchAru?” maryAdagA annADu.

dEvuDu eMta apAtra dAnaM chEstADO konnisArlu! A daurbhAgyuDi goMtE kAdu, mohaM kUDA bAgAnE vuMdi. anniTikaMTE aDDadiDDaMgA vunna A vottaina juTTu, anukuMdi SrIdEvi. kOpaMgA vunnA nijAlu oppukuMTUMdi mari!

“mimmalni DisTarb chEsinaMduku kshamiMchAli. mIku nA pATa nachchinaTTu lEdu.” kOpAnnI, maryAdanI, veTakArAnni samapALLalO mELaviMchi aMdi. Ame veTakAraM atanikEmI arthamayinaTTu lEdu. ayOmayaMgA chUSADu. iha itanitO sUTigA cheppAlsiMdE!

“nEnu kiMda pOrshanlO addekuMTAnu. bahuSa nA pATA, nA vayOlIn nachchaka kAbOlu bUTlatO tALaM vEstU goDava chEstunnAru!”

“adEM lEdE! mI pATa bAgAnE vuMdi.” iMkA ayOmayaMgAnE annADu.

“marayitE A bUTlatO nEla mIda chappuDu chEstAreMduku? chAlA chirAggA vuMdi!”

SrIdEvi kOpaMgA ani veLLaDAniki venudirigiMdi. maLLI Agi, “paigA mIralA bUTlatO taDutU vuMTE nA nettina kappu kUlutuMdEmOnanE bhayaM kUDA! vastA!” aMTU veLLabOyiMdi. appaTiki A aMdagADu tErukunnADu.

“AgaMDAgaMDi! appuDE veLLakaMDi.”

Agi atani vaipu chUsiMdi. snEhaMgA, aMdaMgA chirunavvu navvutunnADu. “mIreMdukO kOpaMgA vunnAru. nijAniki nAku saMgItamaMTE chAlA ishTaM. kAnI, mIru pADE pATa EdO nAku teliyalEdu. UrikE vAyistunnAranukonnAnu. EdO AlOchanalO yadhAlApaMgA bUTlatO nElanu taDutunnAnu. mimmalni DisTarb chEyAlani kAdu.”

“oka kotta pATaki varasa kaDutunnAnu. iMkA sariggA rAvaTaM lEdu,” muktasarigA annA, Ame goMtulO kOpaM taggiMdi.

“ammO! mIru pATalaki varasalu kaDatArA?”

“okaTi reMDu pATalu rAsi varasalu kaTTAnu!”

“yeMta adRshTavaMtulO! nAku asalu alA kaLallO pravESaM vunnavALLaMTE chAlA gauravaM.”

“mIru kUDA kaLAkAruDilAnE vunnArE. EdO peyiMT chEstunnaTTunnAru?”

chirunavvutOnE tala aDDaMgA tippADatanu. “nA boMda! I peyiMTiMgu mAnEsi gODalaki sunnaM vEsukODAniki panikostAnEmO nEnu! ” atani mATallO nirASEmI lEdu.

“EdI, nannu chUDanIMDi!” Isel vaipu naDichiMdi.

“nA mATa vini mIraTu veLLoddu. A peyiMTiMgu chUstE jaDusukuMTArEmO!”

atani mATalu paTTiMchukOkuMDA Isel mIdunna bommani chUsiMdi. nijAyitIgA cheppAlaMTE A bomma ghOraMgA vuMdi. oka chinna pApa iMkoka chinna pilli kUnani paTTukuni vuMdA chitraMlO. AmekEmanAlO tOchalEdu.

“nEnu cheppalE mIru jaDusukuMTArani? dAni pErEmiTO telusA? pilli-pilla! pEru bAguMdi kadU? vinagAnE chUsE vALLaki bommalO saMgatEMTO telisipOtuMdi. annaTTu, A kuDi vaipuna vunnadi pilli kUna! maLLI mIru porapaDatArEmO, vaddani cheptunnA, aMtE!”

SrIdEviki bommala mIda vuMDE abhiprAyAlu A bomma gIsina vALLapai tana abhiprAyAla mIda AdhArapaDi vuMTAyi. aMdulO A aMdagADu tana saMgItAnni kUDA mechchukunnADAye!

“chAlA adbhutaMgA vuMdI bomma!”

saMtOshaM kaMTE AScharyaM ekkuva kanipiMchiMdatani mohaMlO. “nijaMgAnA? hammayya, prapaMchaMlO okkarikainA nA bomma nachchiMdi. iha nEnu hAyigA chachchi pOtAnu. ayitE muMdu kiMdikochchi mI pATa mottaM vinnAkanE anukOMDi!”

“voddulEMDi! chirAkutO nEla mIda bUTlatO tappu tALaM vEstAru.”

“asalu nEnika I janmalO nElamIda bUTlatO tALaM vEyadalchukOlEdu,” annADu gaMbhIraMgA. aMdaMgA navviMdi SrIdEvi.

kaLAkArullO snEhAlu toMdaragA perugutAyi. gaMTa sEpaTlO atani pEru si.jIvi anI, I peyiMTiMgu ataniki bratukuteruvEmI kAdanI, ekkaDO chinna vudyOgaM lATidi chEstunnADanI telusukuMdi. mATlADutunnakoddI atanAmeki nachchasAgADu. tana bommalu aMta ghOraMgA vunnaMduku atanEmI pedda nochchukunnaTTu lEdu. adi Ameki viMtagA anipiMchinA, nachchiMdi.

adE apArT^meMTlO iMkO pOrshanlO vuMDE mOhan^ki eMta vibhinnaMgA vuMdItani dhOraNi, anukuMdAme. mOhan okka chitrAnni kUDA ammukOlEni viphala kaLAkAruDu. appuDappuDU SrIdEvi gadilOkochchi oka kappu kAphI tAgi, tana nirASA, nispRhalani gummariMchi veLtUMTADu. ayitE mOhan abhiprAyaM prakAraM, tAnoka adbhutamaina kaLAkAruDu. pADu nikRshTa prapaMchaM atannI, atani kaLanI arthaM chEsukOlEka vyarthaM chEstuMdi. prajalakasalu E mAtraM kaLA hRdayaM lEdani mOhan gADha nammika. aMduku nErugA vyatirEkaMgA vuMdi jIvi abhiprAyaM. SrIdEviki atani spOrTiv nessU, nijAyitI chAlA nachchEyi.

aMdarikI namaskAraM.

nEnu bhAskar. bAchchA nA muddu pEru. iMDiyA gaNa taMtra rAjyaMgA mArinappuDu puTTina vADini. pi.yu.si. parIkshalO mUDO pArT mAtraM pAsu kAvAlsi uMdi. vachchE nela mUDO sAri A parIksha rAyabOtunnAnu.

mA nAnnagAru lEru. nA chinna vayasulOnE Ayana pOyAru. mugguru annayyalu. bAMbElO peddannayya, kaDalUrulO reMDO annayya. ikkaDa madrAsulO nA mUDO annayya SaSidhar. vADitOnE nEnu uMTunnAnu. amma mUDu chOTlalOnU mAri mAri kAlakshEpaM chEstU uMTuMdi. mugguru koDukulU bAgAnE chUsukuMTAru. ammaki okE chOTa uMTE visugu vachchEstuMdi. lEdA iMkO koDukunu chUDAlanna beMga paTTukuMTuMdi.

SaSidhar^ki pOyina EDAdE peLli ayyiMdi. vADiki mupphai monnanE niMDiMdi kAnI muMdu juTTu appaTikE UDi pOyi baTTatala vachchEsiMdi. eppuDU sIriyas^gAgA uMTADu. bAMk^lO udyOgaM. nelaki padi rOjulainA Ovar TaiM uMTuMdi. adi kAka kOparETiv sosaiTI, AphIsu kyAMTIn vITillO DairakTar. adI chAladannaTlu yUniyan kameTI meMbar. rOjU iMTiki vachchETappuDu okkOsAri rAtri enimidi tommidi kUDA avutuMdi.

mA amma pEru mIda oka TAksI okaTi naDustOMdi. tommidi gaMTalaki iMTiki vachchina tarvAta SaSidhar bhOjanaM mugiMchukuni, baniyan, luMgItO vIdhi dIpaM velugulO DraivarutO goDava paDutU uMTADu. goDavalu lEni rOjullO sumukhaMgA mATlADutU uMTADu. padinnara, padakoMDu gaMTalaki iMTlOki vachchi rAgAnE gurru peTTi nidra pOtADu. annI kalipi nelaki veyyi rUpAyalaki painE saMpAdistunnADu.

ikamIda vachchE kadhalO mA vadinadi mukhyamaina pAtra. ayinA kUDA Ame pEru nEnu cheppadalachu kOlEdu. nEnu mA vadina pEru cheppina tarvAta, adE pErutO mIku evarainA ammAyi mIku muMdE telisi uMDi, Ame rUpaM mI manasulO pAtuku pOkuMDA uMDAlanE, mI mElu kOsamE nEnu vadina pEru cheppakuMDA vadilEstunnAnu. kavi subramaNya bhArati I rOju bratiki uMTE mA vadina bhujAnni tappakuMDA taTTi uMDEvAru. bhEsh! bhEsh! ani utsAhaMtO nOrArA pogiDi uMDEvAru. alAMTi kotta taraM ammAyi tanu. taMDriki okE kUturu. talli lEdu. taMDri railvE nuMchi riTair ayyi, nuMgaMbAkkaMlO soMta iMTlO SEsha jIvitaM gaDuputunnAru. bi.es^si. chadivina kUturuki veMTanE peLli chEsESAru.

vadina kUDA peLLaina marusaTi vAramE tanakaMTU svaMtaM ayina merUn ledar sUT kEsutO, saMsArAniki kAvAlsina sAmAnlatO mAMbaLaMlO unna mA iMTiki kuDi kAlu muMdu peTTi vachchEsiMdi. kODali telivitETalanI, sAmarthyAnni okka nelalOnE grahiMchukunna mA amma kaDalUrulO unna koDukunu chUDaDAniki bailudEri veLli pOyiMdi.

ikkaDa nA guriMchi koMchaM cheppaDaM anivAryaM avutOMdi. iravai ELLaki nEnu kAsta peddavADilAgAnE uMTAnu. mA kAlEjIlO lekchararlu nannu “ErA mAmA!” anE pilustAru. veMTanE mIru pulihOra bAchchA ani nAku pEru peTTakaMDi. nEnu pulihOra bAchchAni kAnu. daddhOjanaM bAchchAnE. alA ani marI amAyakapu daddhOjanaM kAdu. AvAlu, pachchi mirapakAya, karivEpAku annI vEsi tAliMpu peTTi, mAmiDi, allaM mukkalu kalipina ruchikaramaina perugannaM.

mA vadina nAkannA okaTO reMDO ELLu peddadi ayi uMTuMdi, aMtE, Amenu nEnu ippuDu varNiMchabOvaDaM lEdu. iMtaku muMdE subramaNya bhAratini sAkshyAniki pilichiMdi mIku gurtuku uMDE uMTuMdi.

mA vadinA, nEnu poddunna tommidi gaMTala nuMchi, rAtri tommidi dAkA okE iMTlO vaMTarigA, aMTE vEru evarU lEni EkAMtaMlO uMDE vAtAvaraNaM. mA amma telivi lEni daddamma kAdu. Ameki nA guriMchi bAgAnE telusu. dAnikannA ekkuvagAnE mA vadina guriMchi okka nelalOnE telusukoni uMTuMdi. aMdukE dhairyaMgA kaDalUriki bailu dEri veLli pOyiMdi.

SaSidhar^ki Dabbu mIda vyAmOhaM ekkuva. rUpAyi nOTla raMgullO tappa vErE dEnilOnU tEDA chUDani vADu. vADu eppaTilAgE tana rOjulu gaDipEstuMDEvADu. alA gaDuputU Dabbu saMpAdanalO munigi tElutU uMDE vADu.

modaTi reMDu nelalU vadina tana gadilOnE uMDEdi. nEnu vAkiTi arugu mIda kUrchuni kAlaM gaDipE vADini. A sudIrghapu pagaTi vELalanu nEnu iMTlOnE gaDapAlsi vachchEdi. nAtO kUDA chaduvukunna vALLaMtA subbaraMgA chaduvu mugiMchi, pai chaduvulu chaduvutunnAru. nA chEtilO kAnI kUDA uMDEdi kAdu. kAlEjIlO chaduvukunE rOjullO ayinA chEtilO rUpAyO arthO uMDEdi. ippuDu iMTlOnE uMDi chaduvukOvaDaM valla dAnikI dAri lEkuMDA pOyiMdi.

madhyAhnaM mUDu gaMTalaki vadina vAkiTi vaipu vachchi, “kAphI tAgaDAniki rA,” ani pilustuMdi. nEnu lOpaliki veLli veMDi glAsulO tanu ichchina kAphIni gabA gabA reMDu gukkallO tAgEsi tirigi kUDA chUDakuMDA maLLI vAkiTlOki vachchEsE vADini. okasAri alA vastunnappuDu tanu aDigiMdi.

“adi kAphIyA? AmudamA?”

“nO. nO. iT Is Al raiT” annAnu nEnu.

“vich Is?” anaDigiMdi tanu.

nEnu navvESAnu. A navvulu, mATalu mA iddari madyA unna aDDu gODanu melligA tolagiMchAyi. taruvAta mEmiddaraM mAmUlugAnE mATlADukOsAgAM. nEnu pAsu kAvAlsina sabjekT lO kemisTrI kUDA okaTi ani telisinappuDu tanu ekkuva Sraddha chUpiMchiMdi. Ame meyin sabjekT kemisTrIlOnE, phasT klAsulO pAsayyiMdi. oka rOju mATala madyalO tanaki mIThA pAn aMTE chAlA ishTaM ani cheppiMdi. A rOju modalu tanu bhOjanaM chEsina tarvAta pakkanE unna pAn dukANaM nuMchi speshal bIDA kaTTiMchi techchi ichchE vADini.

pagalaMtA EM chEyAlO tOchaka, poddu gaDapaDaM kOsaM mEmiddaraM kyArams ADaTaM prAraMbiMchAmu. A tarvAta kyAraM bOrDu bOr koDutOMdanI, ches ADadAmani vadina annadi. nAku ches ADaTaM teliyadu kAbaTTi tanE nErpiMchiMdi.

tanu taMDri iMTlO unnappuDu, vArAnikOsAri Sani vAraM rOju iMglIshu sinimA chUDaTaM alavATu aTa. mA annayya sinimAki veLLanE veLLaDu. EDAdiki okasArO reMDu sArlO veLLinA E chiraMjIvi sinimAkO veLtADu. aMdu valla nEnu, mA vadina kalisi konni sArlu Sani vArAlu iMglIshu sinimAki veLLaDaM alavATayyiMdi. chAlA maTuku annayya AdivArAllO kUDA iMTlO uMDaDu. AphIsulO chAla maMditO ataniki snEhaM uMDaDaM, vALLa avasaraM koddO, goppa koddO peLLiLLu, chAvu aMTU ekkaDikainA veLli pOyE vADu. aMdarikannA ekkuvagAnE snEhitulani kalavaDaM ataniki alavATu. rOjuki bhAryatO padi nimishAlu mATlADitE ekkuva. mA vadinakO galagalamaMTU mATlADE svabhAvaM. oka rOju vadina nannu aDigiMdi.

“avunU, kOparETiv sosaiTI lOnU, kyAMTIn lOnU DairakTar kadA mI annayya. EdO koMchaM AdAyaM aMdulO nuMchi vastOMdi. yUniyan kamiTIlO meMbar^gA uMDaTaM dEnikI?”

“yUniyan kamiTIlO meMbarugA uMDaTaM vallanE migilina dAMTlO DairakTar ayyE chAnsu dorikiMdi.” UrikE anakUDadu kAnI, mA annayya eM. pi.gA uMDAlsina vADu.

“I vayassulO saMpAdiMchAlsiMdE. kAdananu nEnu. kAnI marI ilAnA? dAniki oka vELA pALA uMDakkarlEdA? I vayassulOnE kadA anubhaviMchaDaM kudurutuMdi? vayasai pOyina taruvAta enni anukunnA EM lAbhaM?” vadina konni sArlu tana digulunu nAtO paMchukunEdi.

“vadinA! anubhaviMchaDAniki vayasekkaDa? mA chuTTAlallO jarigina kadha cheppanA? mA pedanAnna ippuDu mailApUrulO unnAru. aDvakETu. amOghamaina prAkTIsu. adi gAka iMkA ennO vidhAlugA Dabbu saMpAdiMchE vAru. unnaTTuMDi oka rOju, nalabai enimidO EDu naDustuMDagA kOrTuku veLLaDaM mAnESAru. jaDj padavi dorakalEdanna kOpaM ani koMta maMdi annAru. naluguru jaDjIlu saMpAdiMchE Dabbuni Ayana okkarE saMpAdiMchE vAru. adi kAraNamayi uMDadu. eMdukO vaddanipiMchiMdi. aMtE mAnESAru. kAnI vaDDIlu, bADuga, DiviDeMD aMTU Dabbu saMpAdanaki korata lEdu. ippuDu rOjuki enimidi gaMTalu tAguDu. iMkO enimidi gaMTalu pEkATa, mUDO enimidi gaMTalu iMkA EdO. aidELlugA ishTaM vachchinaTlu raMgELI rAjAlA jIvitAnni gaDuputunnAru. eMduku cheppa vachchAnaMTE. yAbhai ELla vayasulOnU anubhaviMcha vachchu.”

“EmOy, idekkaDi katha, nEneppuDU vinalEdE? mI pedanAnna gArA? mailApUrulO uMTArA. saMbaMdhaM mATlADETappuDu attayya nAtO EmI cheppinaTlu lEdE?”

“mEmU Ayana guriMchi cheppukOvaDaM lEdu. Ayana kUDA dAnni lekka chEyaru. nEnu kAlEjIlO chaduvutunna rOjullO nelakOsArO, reMDu sArlO Ayana iMTiki veLli chUsi vachchE vADini. namaskAraM chEsinappuDu, aidO, padO chEtilO peTTEvAru. pheyil ayina taruvAta veLLaDaM mAnESAnu. ‘chadavaDAniki yOgyata lEdu. Dabbu kAvAlsi vachchiMdA nIku dunnapOtA,’ annAru okasAri. dunnapOtA ani Ayana annadi ippuDu kUDA nA chevullO giMgurumaMTuMTuMdi.”

u.#    #;ponnalu pUche@M bonnalogi@MbUvaka muMda~ra@MbUche gO@MgulA
#       # ponnalu@M doMDa gO@Mgulunu bUvaka muMda~ra bUche bUruvul
#       # ponnalu@M goMDa gO@Mgulunu bUruvulunnogi@M bUvakuMDagA
#       # munna vanaMbunaM galaya mOduguloppuga@M bUche nAmanin

Sivuni bhArya ayina satIdEvi tana taMDri chEsE yAgAniki pOtuMdi. dakshaprajApati chEsE yaj~naM kAbaTTi akhila dEvatalu, dikpAlakulu, aMdarU vastAru. kAnI tana bharta ayina Sivunaku AhvAnaM lEdu. AhvAniMchaka pOvaDamE kAdu, atanni tUlanADatADu dakshuDu. dEvatalevarU nOrettaru. tana bhartaku jarugutunna avamAnAnni bhariMchalEka agnini sRjiMchukoni aMdulO dagdhamautuMdi satIdEvi. vishayaM telisi tana gaNaM chEta yaj~nAnni dhvaMsaM chEyiMchi, A yaj~nAniki vachchina vArinaMdarinI daMDiMpistADu SivuDu. A tarvAta satIviyOgaMtO manaSSAMti lEka himAlayAlaku pOyi tapassu chEsukuMTuMTADu. IlOgA satIdEvi mEnakA himavaMtulaku putrikagA janmiMchi perigi peddadautuMdi. Amenu tapassu chEsukuMTunna Sivuniki saparyalaku gAnu niyOgistADu himavaMtuDu.

idilA uMDagA, tArakAsuruDanE rAkshasuDu dEvatalanU munulanU ibbaMdi peDutU uMTADu. vADini SivakumAruDu tappa vErevarU saMhariMchalEru. SivunikEmO koDukulu lErAye. asalu bhAryE lEdAye. aMdukani Sivuniki elAgainA pArvati mIda mOhaM kaligElA chEsi, vAriki putrOdayaM jarigETTugA chUddAmani anukunnAru dEvatalu. virAgigA unna Sivuni manasulO rAgaM puTTiMchagaligina vADu manmadhuDu okkaDEnani, atanni pogiDi, A pani mIda paMputAru. bhArya ayina ratIdEvi eMta vaddani vEDukunnA vinaka — tana parivAramaina vasaMtuDinI, chilakala daMDunU, puvvuTammulanU, cheraku viMTinI, tummedalanU tIsukuni bayalu dEratADu manmadhuDu. manmadhuDu pUla bANAlu vEsi strI purushulalO mOhAnni kaligistADanEdi mana kavula tirugulEni kavisamayaM.

mOhAvESaM rAvAlaMTE parisarAlU AhlAdakaraMgA uMDAli kadA. paryAvaraNAnni AhlAdakaraMgA mArchEdi vasaMtaM kAka marEmiTi? aMdukanE vasaMtuNNi veMTapeTTukuni vachchADu manmadhuDu. iMkEmuMdi, A vasaMtuDu vachchI rAgAnE cheTlu pulakiMchi chigurulu toDagaDamU, pUlu pUsi vikasiMchaDamU, saurabhAlu vedajallaDamU ayiMdi. vennela rAtrullO A pUlU, parimaLAlU lOkAnni sauMdaryaMtO muMchettutuMDagA tanu pUla bANAlu saMdhistE — SivuDayyEdi kAni, marevarayyEdi kAni — ika tirugEmuMdi anukunnADu manmadhuDu. adugO, alAMTi vasaMta saMdarbhaMlO A koMDamIdi cheTlannI kusumiMchAyani vivaristunnadi pai padyaM.

anniTikannA muMdugA mOdugalu pUchAyi. Akharuna ponnalu pUchAyi. kAnI kavi tana padyaMlO chamatkAraMgA ponnalu pUchAyi ani modalu peTTADu. ponnalu pUchAyi. vATikaMTE muMdu koMDa gOgulu pUchAyi. koMDa gOgula kaMTE muMdu bUrugalu pUchAyi. ponnalU, gOgulU, bUrugalU pUchEdAnikannA muMdugA mOdugalu pUchAyi ani oka chamatkAraMtO padyaMlO maMchi sauMdaryAnni sAdhiMchADu kavi. koMDavanAla mIda mikkuTaMgA uMDE cheTllu mOdugalu. vATi pUlu raktaMlA erragA uMTAyi. pUstE cheTTaMtA saMdu lEkuMDA pUsi erragA netturu cheTTulAgA uMTuMdi. yuddhaMlO pratyaMgamU gAyAlai raktamODutunna SarIraMtO uMDE yOdhuNNi pUchina mOdugagA varNistAyi chAlA kAvyAlu. ika koMDa gOgulu tellaTi pedda pedda pUlu. cheTlu chinnavE kAni, komma komma saMdunA virivigA tellaTi pUlu pUstAyi. gOgupUlu SivapUjaku ekkuvagA vADatAru. mOdugalu, bUrugulu, gOgulu pUyagAnE ponnalU pUchAyi. I vidhaMgA rakarakAlaina cheTlu okadAni tarvAta okaTigA pUsi A vasaMtakAlaMlO vanamaMtA raMguraMgula pUlatO manOharaMgA tayArayiMdi. idI pai padyaM.

bhAvaMlO pedda viSEshamEmI lEdu. AmanilO AvanilO A cheTlu pUSAyi I cheTlu pUSAyi ani cheppaTamE. kAnI cheppaTaM eMta ramyaMgA, eMta chamatkAraMtO cheppADO gamaniMchAru kadA. alA tiragEsi cheppaDaMlO eMtO suMdaraMgA tayArayiMdI padyaM. E kavi ayinA bhAvaM bAgA arthamayETTu cheppaDAnikE prayatnistADu. kAnI adE bhAvAnni manOj~naMgA, chitraMgA, pratyEkaMgA, krottagA cheppaDAniki — kottadanAnni prEmiMchE oka samardhuDaina kavi prayatnistADu. bhAvavyaktIkaraNaMlO oka sauMdaryAnni sAdhistADu.

I padyaMlO A aMdAnni sAdhiMchina kavi pEru nannechODuDu. Ayana kumArasaMbhava kAvyaM lOnidi I padyaM. Iyananu guriMchi manaM iMtaku muMdu okasAri cheppukunnAM. nannayakU, tikkanakU madhya kAlaM vADani chAlA vAdavivAdAlu, charchala taruvAta peddalu nirdhAriMchAru. nijAniki ashTadiggajAla kAlamE prabaMdha yugamanI, manucharitramE modaTi saMpUrNa prabaMdha lakshaNAlu kaligina kAvyamanI aMTAru gAni — nannechODuni kumArasaMbhavaM anni lakshaNAlanU puNiki puchchukonna sarvAMga suMdara prabaMdhaM. nRsiMhapurANaM vrAsina e~r~rananu prabaMdha paramESvaruDu annAru kAbaTTi nannechODa mahAkavini ‘prabaMdha paramEshThi’ anainA anaDaM samuchitaM.

chaduvutuMTEnE hAyigA, AhlAdaMgA sAgipOyE I padyaM kumArasaMbhavaMlO nAku nachchina chAlA padyAlalO okaTi.

Edi gOcharaM
Edi agOcharaM
nEnu gOcharaM
nA jIvika agOcharaM
nA nIDa gOcharaM
nA nIDalO lOyalu agOcharaM
kAgitAla mIda kalalapaMTa gOcharaM
nEla rAlina kallalu agOcharaM
pedAla mIdi tailavarNa chitrAlu gOcharaM
edalOni chIkaTiguhalu agOcharaM
kanipiMchE cheTlU pUlU paLLU
annI gOcharamE
taladAchukunE okka nIDa tappa
vEsavilO vennela vAna
SItaMlO nippulavarshaM
annI gOcharamE
E eMDaki A goDugu paTTE dESaMlO
sAmAnyuDiki
prati kAlamU TOpIla kAlamE
TOpIlu peTTaDaM nEraM kAdu kadA
ekkaDevarU dOshulu lEnaTTE
chachchE janaM tappa.

cheliyA! yEmani vinnaviMtu nakaTA! chEraMgarADeMdukO
toli nannun manasAra@MgA@M buvulayaMduM beTTi pUjiMchuchun
valapul guppina chaMdravarma yipuDI prAMtaMbunaM duMDiyun
chalivelguM gana vEchu rAtrivale nAchaMdaMbu nE@MDayyeDin.

anyadESamunaku naMpa@MbaDina nEmi
konninALlu chaMdraguptuchEta
magiDivachchenu gada! mAsaMbu kriMdaTa
kAnarADu nannu@M gata madEmo?

munu nE nADina yappu DujjvalarasAbhOgaMbutO nAkaDaM
dana sarvasvamu@M gAnkachEsi priyu@MDai nAkaMTisannaM brati
kshaNamuM buchcha@Mga neMchu vallabhu@M Du pEkshaMjUpu nE@MDElakO!
kshaNamul kalpamu layye@M dadvirahasaMjAtArti nAkiyyeDan.

madhumAsamaMdunan maMdAravanamaMdu
#        # velasina yanurAgaviharaNamulu,
abjAkaraMbaMdu haMsadvayaMbaTlu
#        # salipina jalakELivilasanamulu,
SaradiMduchaMdrikAsaMpUrNaniSalaMdu@M
#        # bonarina vennelabhOjanamulu,
valikAlamaMdunaM jalibAdha napayiMpa@M
#        # gUDina gADhOpagUhanamulu,

lIla@M bariyAchakamulADu vELalaMdu
vrAsiyuMDina yanyOnyavarNachitra
lEkhanaMbula narmaMpurEkha lipuDu
talapunaku rAvo, rADEla taruNi yata@MDu?

vESyanayyunu vAni karpiMchiyuMTi
nAdu manamunu, gAna nO naLini! nIdu
jANatanamunu, gAryadakshatayu@M jErchi
eTulanainanu gonirAve yiTaku natani.

ana@Mga naniyenu naLini yathArtha merigi
amma! mI yamma prasabhAna nata@MDu lEni
yapuDu gUrchenu ninnu dhanADhyu@MDaina
kanakaguptunitODa nA kadiye tanni
rAdaraNahEtu vaunEmo yanuchu@M dO@Mchu.

taruNini@M, jaMdravarmaku hRdarpaNachEsinadAniniM, dhanA
daraNamuchE nataMDu savidhaMbunanuMDani vELa@M dalli SrI
guruta vahiMchu nA kanakaguptuni kaggamu sEse naMduchE@M
da~ruga@Mga@MbOlu nAtaniki@M datparatApriyatAnubhAvamul.

gODalaku@M gUDa chevulu, chakshuvulu nuMDu
naMdu raMduchE nidi vInulaMdu sO@Mki
yuMDu naMduchE nata@MDu rAkuMDu nipuDu
ChalamuchE ninu@M jUDaMga@M jaMdravadana!

aneDu naLiniki@M daraLika yaniye niTlu
chaturadautyamunaMdu nishNAta vIvu,
chaMdravarmaku@M delpi nA chaMdamella
suprasannuni@M jEyavE suMdarAMgi!

ataniki vENugAnamuna nAdara mechchani nEnu jEsitin
satatamu nAdasAdhananu, saMtasamAra@Mga nETirAtri nA
yatanamu nella SrOtayayi sArthakamuM bonariMpa rammaTaM
chataniki@M delpi tODkoni rayammuna rAgade yE@Mgi vEgamE!

talli nirbaMdhamuna kEnu dALalEka
iMchukiMchukayE kaTAkshiMchi yuMTi@M
ganakaguptuni@M, gAni nikkamuga@M jaMdra
varmayE madIyamanObjapadmahitu@MDu.

suMdaradUtikAkRtiyu, soMpilu mATala tIru, chaMdrikA
suMdaramaMdahAsamunu SObhilu ninganinaMtanE rasa
syaMdamu gAkapO datani svAMtamu, tadvidhi nArdramaina yA
DeMdamu kekkunaTlu brakaTiMpumu nAdagu supralApamun.

iMda! kaikonu mide nA yeDaMda nunna
‘taraLikA’nAmasaMyutataraLasahita
tArahAramu, dIni saMdarSanamuna
modaTikUrumu latanilO molakalettu.

anuchu@M daraLika chelini dUtyaMbu sEya
noDa@Mbarachi chIralunu, bai@MDitoDavu losa@Mgi
yaMpa nAmeyu navvAni navadhariMchi
poliche@M bUrNapushpitavasaMtalatavOle.

niganigannigalADu nIlakESamulaMdu
#        # boMDumalllela viridaMDa@M bodivi,
ardhachaMdruni@M gEru nalikabhAgamunaMdu
#        # raktachaMdanapu@Mjitrakamu@M beTTi,
kanakaMpujigi mIru gaMDadvayamunaMdu
#        # ne~r~ragojjagirasa miMta bUsi,
giriSiraMbula@M dO@Mchu me~ruputIvelachaMda
#        # muramaMdu@M brAlaMbamulu dhariMchi,

kanakalatikala@M bOleDu karamulaMdu
svarNakaMkaNaMbulu veTTi, karNamulanu
vajrakarNikalanu beTTi, valipachIra
gaTTi, toDi vachche taraLika kaDaku naLini.

Eme! jyOtsnAbhisArikAkRtini@M bUni
me~rayuchuMTi viMduna marmamEmi? yanuchu
narmagarbhitaMbuga@M balke naLini@M gAMchi
taraLikAkAMta yAScharyabharita yaguchu.

atani rAtiDeMdamu rasasyaMda magunu
ninnu@M gAMchina naMTivi nIve munnu!
aMduchE niTTi vEshaMbu noMdiyuMTi,
nIdu mElu gAdaTe cheli nAdu mElu?

aina ma~ravakumu mananeyyaMpumATa!
atani DeMdaMbu@M garagiMchi yatanubANa
hatiki gurichEsi temmu nI chaturamatiyu,
vA~mmadhurimayu@M baNamoDDi prAbhavamuna!

ayyadi pUrNimArajani, yattari@M billanagrOvi nUduchun
Sayyaku chEruvaM gala praSastasuvarNamayAsanasthituM
Dayyenu chaMdravarma, yapu DAtanisammukhamaMdu nilche nO
toyyali, pUrNimAniSaye toyyaliyai chanudeMchenO yanan.

tellanichIra@M gaTTi, kaDutellani mallelu veTTi koppunan,
tellani chaMdrarEkhavale@M, dETanadiMbale saMsmitAsyayai,
tallaDasEyu chullamunu tanniSayaMdu samakshamaMdu SO
bhilleDu suMdarAMgi@M gani, pillanagrOvini nApi yAta@MDun.

Oho! naLinivA? yEteMchiyuMTi viTaku,
prakaTamaina jyOtsnAbhisArikayu@M bOle,
Emi nIyAna cheppavE yiMduvadana!
yanuchu nAtaMDu niluchuMDe nAme cheMta.

tODitaruNula manamula@M gUDa sapadi
janitasammOhavaSamuga salpa@Mdagina
yAme yAhAryamunu rUpu narayu natani
DeMdamaMduna mOhaMbu kaMdaLiMche.

svAmi! nIku@M briyatama, nI svAMtanIra
jAtavikasanakAriNi, svAMtamaMdu
nunnadAnini@M brakaTiMpa nannu@M baMpe;
vina@Mga@M dagunide taraLika vinnapaMbu.

anyadESaMbunaMduna nadhipupanupu@M
dIrchivachchina dAdiga@M dirigi chUDa
raiti riTuvaipu; praNayaMpurIti yagune
ramaNi niTTula neDasEya rasikavarya!

asvataMtranu, gaNikanu, nabala nEnu
dhanavilObhamuchEta majjanani gUrchu
tagulamulayaM dokiMtaga@M dagulanOpu;
dAni penumachchagA@M jEya@Mdagadu mIku.

rOhiNiyaM datirAgasa
mAhitu@MDaina SaSivale madAhvAnaMbun
snEhAturachittamutO
nUhiMchi priyaMbusEyu Toppagu mIkun.

cheppeDidEmi mIdupadasEvake yInisi vEchiyuMTi, mI
reppuDu vatturO yanuchu neppuDu dArulu sUchuchuMTi, mI
koppagunaMchu neMto SramakOrchi pasaMdagu gAnamAdhurul
chippilu nAdapAThamula@M jeppiti nE sushiraMpuyOshakun.

kAvuna vallabhA! praNayakautuka moppa@Mga rammu nAdu lI
lAvanamaMdu@M bArvaNakalAnidhikAMtulu barvuchuMDa sa
dyOvikachOtpalaprabhala noppu sarOvaratIramaMdu prE
mAvahamaina nA sushiramaMjulanAdapuviMdu@M grOla@Mgan.

anuchuM daraLika panupun
vinipiMcheDu dUtisauru vivaSuMDai ka
ngonuchuM bratimAkRti ni
lchenu niSchalamuga nataMDu chittajahatu@MDai.

mElagu jALuvAmisimi mIreDu dEhamu, dEhamaMdunaM
dEleDu SAradAbhramaTu dIptilu palchani chIrayu, chIralOpalaM
grAlu mRdaMgasaushThavamu@M gAMchuchu nAta@MDu chEshTa dakki yu
llOlatarAMtaruMDu, navilOlavilOchanu@M Dayye natta~rin.

amRtamuchaMdamu, sadya
ssumasaMyutachaMpakalatasobaguna, naLinI
kamanIyAkRti yAtani
kamitaMbagu mOhaSabalatAkara mayyen.

Ame saurunu ganuchuMDa nAme palku
vAkyamu latanikiM dO@Mche svapnamaMdu@M
balku palkulaM bOle naspashTamuganu;
aina spashTamugane yuMDe nAmerUpu.

taraLika yannaTu dUtiM
barikiMchuchununna vAni svAMtamu rasasaM
taraLitamayyenu gAnI
taraLika mAtra monaradu tadaMtaramaMdun.

atanitIrunu ganuchunna yAme taraLa
nEtramu latani kanulatO maitri ne~rape;
aMta maMdAkshamaMdAksha yaguchu nAme
venkavenkaku tagguchu veDalasAge.

A prayatnamunaMdAme yaMghrula kedo
yorasinaTlayye naMduchE norige nAme
muMdunaku, naMtalO nAme chaMda me~rigi
saMdiTaM bodive nataMDu sarabhasamuna.

sadyOjAtaMbagu rA
gOdyOtanamuna nata@MDu tadujjvalagAtrin
vidyullatikanu mEghu@MDu
hRdyaMbuga@M bodivinaTTu ledalO@M bodiven.

adaTuna nAta@M DA yuvati nakkuna@M jErpa@Mga nAme muMdugA
nadavada@M jeMdinaTlu mukhamaMdu@M drapAkalitAnubhAvamul
viditamu sEse@M gAni payi vechchani tatpariraMbhaNaMbulO@M
bodaleDu bhUrisaukhyarasamu nmadi@M grOla@MgasAge@M bellugan.

aTlu pAravaSyamu naMdi yatani bAhu
baMdhamuna@M jikkukoni yuMDa@M bAse konni
kshaNamu, laMtalO maikaMbu sana@Mga nAme
bAhubaMdhamu vIDi pArSvamuna nilche,

aTTu ludbuddhachittayai yalaru nAme
nAtmayaMdu@M daraLikAhitArthaghaTana
paTusamAlOchanasthiti vyaktamayye,
mEghamaMduna@M dO@Mchu krommiMchuvOle.

aMta nAyiMti mRduhAsamAsyamaMdu
tona@MkuchuMDa@Mga nAtani@M ganuchu@M balike
avasarOchitasaMdESa mamarunaTTi
mRdulavAksaraNi yesakamesa@Mga niTlu.

prEmamu mIra@MgA navaSirIshamu@M bOlina kOmalAMgamun
gOmuga@M jErchuchuM daraLikOtpalagaMdhi vasiMpa narhamau
mI mRduvakshamaMdu rahimIra@Mga nuMDa@Mga nAdubOMTlakun
sEmamu gAdu, mIku nidi sEmamu gAdani nE@M dalaMchedan.

kAdu maganAlu taraLika gaNika gAni,
janani balavaMtamuna nAme kanakaguptu
nAdariMchinadani mIra lAgrahiMtu
raina@M ganuDayya! mIducheydamunu nipuDu.

musarukonnaTTi yaLichEta masakabAre
nIdumO mani suMdarEMdIvaraMbu@M
dyaktamonariMpa@M dagune yatyaktamaina
machcha galgina vidhunaku mahini@M jepuma!

Ame mATalu vina@Mgane yatani mOmu
chinnabOyenu koMtaga sigguchEta;
aMta nata@MDu paSchAttaptu@M Daguchu@M balike
rEpu rAtiri vattunu nApe@M jUDa.

(* dIniki brahmaSrI pilakA gaNapati SAstrigAri ‘dUtIchAturyaM’ anu katha prErakamu. kAni iMdulOni vishayamu A kathakaMTe bhinnaMgA nirvahiMpabaDinadi.)

sagaM nidralO palavariMchE
masakadArula veMTa naDustU nEnu

sUTidanaM mohaM chATEsi
musugEsukunna padachitrAla kannela
muddochchE mOhana rUpAlennO -
jalleDa lOMchi jAripOyE nILlu
aMdanitanapu aSAMtilO muMchEstay
aMtA chadivAka EmI vuMDadu
ayinA
manasugadilO vElADutU
EdO viMta parimaLaM

parlEdu
idO tIru maMtrabhAshaNaM
atukkupOkunnA
anusariMchochchu appuDappuDu

vaMTaritanaM mitramA vaMTaritanaM
aDugu peTTakuMDAnE AliMganaM
j~nApakAla mAyalO skhalanasvapnaM
sAdhyAsAdhyAla saudhAla SakalaM
samUhAla sammardaMlO
chikkabaDutunna vaMTaritanaM

sahajIvanaM mitramA sahajIvanaM
kaMTikI reppakI madhya
neravErani kAMkshalatO sahajIvanaM
kannIrutO chirunavvutO sahajIvanaM
paTTuviDupulu teliyani svArdhapu bigiMpulatO
janaM mechchina chaTrAlatO sahajIvanaM

vattiLLu mitramA vattiLLu
mAnavatvapu vattiLLu
manishi tatvapu vattiLLu
attipatti amAyakatvAnni
tuttuniyalu chEsE vattiLLu
panitO vattiLLu panilEka vattiLLu

vEdanalu mitramA vEdanalu
lAlasala nIDalO sunnitatvapu rOdanalu
murigina muripepu vEdanalu
jananAniki vEDukatO
maraNAniki maunaMtO vEdanalu

inni varNAla, kiraNAla, charvitacharvaNAla
jIvitapu jAtaralO
manasoka pedda maMdu pAtara

si-ri-ni-vA-sa vRttamu

#[#prativAdi bhayaMkara SrInivAs^ goppa gAyakulu mAtramE kAdu, goppa kavi kUDa. vAru 26 aksharamulakanna ekkuva aksharamulu gala vRttamulanu, sArthaka nAma vRttamulanu sRshTiMchiyunnAru. vAri smRti chihnamugA vAri pErutO pAdamunaku 34 aksharamulu gala si-ri-ni-vA-sa vRttamunu kalpiMchi vAripai oka padyamunu vrAsinAnu. iMdulO gaNamulu sa-sa-sa-ra-ra-ra-na-na-na-va-va-sa, anagA sa-sa-sa-ra-ra-ra-na-na-na-ja-bha-guru. I vRttamu 34va ChaMdamulO 14426218588va vRttamu. sAmAnyamugA ChaMdOgraMthamulalO okaTinuMDi 26 aksharamula varaku gala ChaMdamulanu mAtramE vivaristAru. pottapi vEMkaTakavi tana lakshaNaSirOmaNilO pAdamunaku 27 nuMDi 38 aksharamulu varaku gala ChaMdassulanu pErkonnADu. dAni prakAramu pAdamunaku 34 aksharamulu gala ChaMdassunu bhUrbhuvaSchChaMdassu aMTAru. yatyaksharamulu 1, 10, 19, 27; prAsa galadu. nEnu dInini mUDu chaturmAtralu, mUDu paMcha mAtralu, reMDu chaturmAtralu, oka paMcha mAtra, oka shaNmAtragA viruchukoni vrAsinAnu.#]

#sirinivAsa vRttamu - sa-sa-sa-ra-ra-ra-na-na-na-ja-bha-guru, yati (1, 10, 19, 27)

34 bhUrbhuvaSChaMdassu 14426218588

prativAdi bhayaMkara sa-dvaMSa saMjAtu@MDai yuktu@MDai -
va~raluchu gaLamuna - svararAga mAlikalan
gatitO madhu mAdhuritO - gaMgagA@M boMgajEsEvugA@M -
gaDukaDu nipuNata@M - gamanIya gItikalan
mitilEnivi nI guNamul - mElugA nenniyO bhAshalan -
mRdu padakavitala - meyipoMga vrAsiti va-
dbhutamai sthitamai stutamai - mugdhamai SrInivAsA sudhI -
mudamuna hRdayamu - bulakiMcha bhUmipayin

parichayamu

kRshNapakshamunaku@M bratigA Suklapakshamu veluvaDinaTlE pushpavilApamunaku@M bratigA I pushpavivEkamu rachiyiMpa@MbaDi yunnaTlu bhAviMchuchunnAnu. I rachana nAti kaThinamulu, saraLa suMdaramulu, mAdhurya dhuryamulu nagu padya ratnamulatO niMpu niMpuchu@M bAThakalOkamuna kamaMdAnaMdamunu galigiMchuchunnadi. okaru ahiMsA prabhOdhakulagu karuNaSrIlu — vErokaru prakRti sauMdaryOpAsakulu. rasaj~na SEkharulu. pushpavilApamu svArdhaparatanu chATuchuMDa, nI pushpavivEkamu parahitArthamai bratukuTayE jIvita sArdhakata yanu nuttamASayamunu prabOdhiMchuchunnadi. vAri vAri bhAvanAjalamunu baTTi kavitalalarAruchuMDunu gadA!

iTlu
SiligaM jagannAdhaM
rudraMkOTa

(vaijayaMti, julai 1981.)

pUlatOTalOna pUvulonarchina bhagavannuti

vividhamulaina varNamula vEla vichitra manOj~navAsanal
navanavalADu mArdavamu navyaSubhAkRtu loppa Silpasau
shThava mesa@Mgan mamun sRjana salpina prODanu dEvadEvu saM
stava monariMtu mUrjita kRtaj~natakun gomaraina bhaktitOn

pUlakai vachchina mAnavulaku pUvulosa@Mgina svAgatamu

nirupa mAnaMdakara kaLAnilayamUrti!
sahaja saujanya sAmrAjya chakravarti!
ArdrabhAvAtta sukRta pathAnuvarti!
rammu kaikommidE svAgatammu nIku

pUvula upanyAsamu - vivEka prakaTanamu

rasamaya jIvitAvasara ramyapadArtha chayAnushaktamA
nasularu mIru mAnavulu naMditamau sumana@h kulaMbu@M gai
vasa monariMchukunna mRdubhAvulu mAko~rakai SramiMchi saM
tasamuna@MdEla@M jAlina yudArulu mIkive mA namaskRtul

nEla mettaga@M dravvi lIlamai maDigaTTi
#      # mElaina vittanAl chAluvOsi
udayAstamayamulaM doDikaMbugA nIru
#      # chEtulapai netti chilukariMchi
molkaletta@Mga@M burvupulgula keDa mIka
#      # yAchChAdanamokiMta yalavariMchi
mArAkuletta remmalu rAka pUrvame
#      # yetti vE~ruga neDaM bichchi nATi

pAdu lonariMchi balamichchi prOdisEsi
mogga@MdoDigina lOlOna@M boMgipOvu
mIre mA daivatamulu mI mEluneTlu
ma~rava vachchune enni janmamulakaina

kana dinamAtra jIvita vikAsamu@M galgina mammu dEvatA
rchana vidhikO mahAmahula prAj~nula satkRti sEtakO vadhU
janamu prasAdhana kriyako sadviniyOga monarchi dhanya jI
vanata ghaTiMchu mAnavulu bhavyulu mA kanapAya mitramul

alaghatara prajAhRdaya hAri guNaMbulu konnigalgi yi
yyila janiyiMchi naMdulaku nEriki nEnoka mAtramOdamun
golupa@MgalEka koMDalano kOnalanO yaNa@MgA~ripOva mA
kalumu livella@M gA~raDavi@M gAchina vennela kAkapOvunE

baMgaru vaMtadAni@M buTapAkamulO@M baDavaichi kAchi su
ttiMgaDu mottakunna@M galadE sadalaMkRti gauravaMbu sU
chiMgoni gruchchakunna noka cheMDuga naudala lekku bhAgya me
bbhaMgi labhiMchu mAku sumapALiki labdhi kolaMdi kashTamul

aMDajayAna lUrjita kalAnubhavaj~nulu pErmimai mamun
jeMDulugA ghaTiMchi tama SIrshakalApamulAchariMpa mA
guMDelalOna sUdulanu gruchchuTa kEDtume siggu siggadE
paMDuvu mAku yaj~napaSu baMdha mahatva me~ruMga lEni pA
shaMDula maudumE puTuka chAvula saMgati mAku viMtayE

divikin dITagu pUta bhArata dharitrin dyAgabhOgaMbu lA
rjava SauryaMbulu sAjamayyunipuDE SApaMbo yEkAMta mA
rdava dOshOpahata svabhAvulaguchun dharmaM badharmaMbu nE
do vivEkiMpa@Mga lEni dInajaDa buddhul prOdikAnETikO

ihamu parammu reMDu tulaketti samammuga@M bUrushArtha ni
rvahaNa monarchu Srauta mana vadya sanAtana mIsaDiMchi yE
ihamo parammo suMta me~rayiMchu navaidika dushpathammu saM
spRha@M baDanEla saMskRti vihInatamai@M jeDanEla mAnavul

patramo pushpamO phalamo bhaktimeyiMbara mESu narchakuM
bAtra monarpa@MgA@M galugu prAj~nulu tAmu tariMchi mAku nA
mutraphalAptikai sukRtamun ghaTiyiMchinavAru gAre yI
mAtra kRtaj~natan ganani maMdulamaMchu mamun dalaMturO

ullamulaMdu mAko~raku nuvviLu lUreDu mIru mI vadhU
tallajamul nitAMtamu mudaMpaDuTE padivElu mAku nu
tphullata@M gAMchinan daDavu pOladu nilva@Mga vichchu moggalE
kollalu gA@Mga@M gOsikoni kOmalulan daniyiMpu miMpugan

nikkuva miMtakaMTe nala nIraja nEtralu vachchi tAmugA
nikkuchu nITugOTula vaniM dirugADuchu gulku palkulaM
jokkuchu sOluchun daLuku@M jUpula@M gappuchu@M bUla kO@MtalO@M
jakkili giMtalan golupu saukhyamulE niravadya hRdyamul

pushpavalli sarOjAkshi pUvu@MbONi
molla mallika modalaina muddu pErla
gATamuga mApayiMgUrmi@M jATukoneDu
namRta hRdayulu gAre mIyADuvAru.

SilpAlnI, SidhilAlnI
sAgarAnnI, nagarAnnI
mElkoluputU vinabaDDADatanu
vEkuvalni vaNikiMchE vENuvugA.

gAli maDugulO
rAgAla jADalu paTTukuni
vedukkuMTU veLLi chUSAnatanni
chUSAnA? kAdu karuNiMchi kanapaDDADu

pATa ApinapuDu
muraLitObATu mahAbalipurAnnE
saMchilO peTTukunnADA ani?
jaladariMchina udayAlanu saMgItAniki vadili
rAtrulni kaLLugA chEsukunnADA ani?
aDagalEdu - dhyAnAniki konasAgiMpu maunamE kAvAlani.
bAgA rAtrayiMdi, tODostAnu iMTidAkA aMTE
niSSabdaMgA navvADu
chIkaTi nA tObuTTuvani mIku telIdA? annaTTu

vIDkOlu vELa mATallO mATagA
rOjU aDiginA guLLOki rAvEmaMTE?
paMchEMdriyAlaku aMdani
paravaSaMtO gusagusagA
“ragasiyaM svAmI!
enakku iMgeyE darisanamAguM”
(rahasyaM svAmI! nAku ikkaDE darSanamautuMdi.)
ani namaskAra mudralO taDumukunnADu
vENuvu voMTipaina tana EDu kaLLanI…

oka okaTi okaTI…
padi okaTlu padI…
ekkAlu modalu emmE dATi pOyinA
lekkala pAThaM prati dAnikI
padi talalu
ayinA adi gaMTa koTTaMgAnE
nI klAs rUM lOki chulAggA vachchEstuMdi
muMdu gummaM lOMchi
muni vEshaMlO.

rAgAnE jAgrattagA vinamani
bujjagistunnaTTugA modalautuMdi gAnI
gaMTa gaDustunna koddI gAbharA peMchukuMTU
chivari padi nimushAllO
aTu bOrDukI iTu klAsu mohAnikI
sudda pulimEsi
Akhari nimushaMlO
marnADu podduna maLLI pAThaM vELaki
toMbhai tommidi lekkalu chEyAlanI
aMdarikannA muMdara annI chEsEsina vALLaku
nUrO samasya bOnas anI
ASa beDutU kEvalaM asura balaMtO
amAMtaM ninnu apahariMchuku pOtuMdi
tana hOM vark laMka lOki.

nuvvu juTTu pIkkuMTU
nidra pOkuMDA ninnu nuvvu gillukuMTU
AvuliMta kUDA rAkuMDA
anni jAgrattalU tIsukuni
rAtriki rAtri
toM… bhai.. tommidO…
di kUDA chEsEsi
toMgi chUstAvu mAniTar lOki
idugO vachchEsiMdi ImeyillO
nUrO samasya:

“nIvaMTi vidyArthini idE chUDaTaM
nEnu ninnu peLLADaka tappadu
aMTE, nuvvu nannu peLli chEsukOka tappadu,
adE sari — adi nesasarI — kAdaMTAvU
iMta bAgA lekkalu cheyagalavALLaku
itarulatO kaDagaLLu tappavu
ippaTidAkA nalabhai yAbhai
chEyagaligina vALLanE chUSAnu
vALLaMdarinI peLli chEsukunnAnu
vALLU nannu kAvAlanE kaTTukunnAru
vALLaMdarikannA ninnu minnagA chUstAnu
nI gaDuvu nuvvu tIsukO vachchu… kAnI
nuvvoppukunEdAkA vadalanu
aMTE - lekkalochchina pillavu
oppukuMTE nuvvE nannodalav.”

nuvvu EDustAvu, ekkiLLu peTTEstAvu
mottukuMTAvu, nettI nOrU koTTukuMTAvu
I balavaMtAlU balAtkArAlU EviTani
gukka tippukOkuMDA guMDelu bAdukuMTAvu
lekkala pAThaM nija svarUpaM chUsi
bitukkumani bikkachachchipOtAvu
lekkala pAThAnikivannI ekkavu

phermA chivari thIraM
nUru pEjIla niDivi prUph kiMda
ninnu kUchObeTTi
nuvvu TIcharulaku tappa itara
khEchara bhUchara vanachara jI
vanacharula kevarikI kanapaDakuMDA
–monnaTi dAkA kanapaDakuMDA pOyina dAMtO sahA –
rAmAnujan nOT pustakAlatO
ninnApAdamastakaM kappEsi
aMtaTitO AgakuMDA
mUDu karAlarIlanu kApalA beTTi
madhya madhyalO vachchi chUstU uMTuMdi.

iha, ippuDu - kEs van:
annaM nILlU lEkuMDA nuvvu alAgE uMDi pOyi
siddhAMtaM tarvAta siddhAMtaM alavATugA chadivEsi
okavELa nIkappaTikE peLLayi uMTE
vANNevANNO vADi kharmaku kAraDuvullO vadilEsi
lekkala pAThaMtO kAparAniki siddhamannAvanukO
appuDu
viSvanAtha satyanArAyaNA
Ayana Ekalavya SishyulU kannILLu kArchinA
eMtayinA kavulu gadA gadyaMgA nainA
nI vaivAhika jIvitaM tiraga rAstAru

kEs Tu:
uhU! nippullO dUki chAvanainA chastAnu gAnI
iha I rAkAsi rAvaNa
lekkala pAThaM daridApulaku rAnannAvA
viSvanAtha satyanArAyaNA
Ayana Ekalavya SishyulU saMtOshistArEmO gAnI
mA kAlEjI kamiTI vALLu mAtraM
nA jItaM sagAniki sagaM viraggOstAru!

sAyaMkAlamainA
challa mirapakAyalanu
maMDistOMdi eMDa

chiTTi maMTalu
dirisena pUlu
komma mIda
Dassina kAki
chevulu rikkiMchAyi

gaDapa diMDu mIda
kunuku tIstunna amma
koMgutO gAli cheMpalu
vAyistunna bAmma
paMchalO vAmana guMTallO
paDipOyina ammaDu
ulikkipaDi lEchAru

baDDI koTTu daggara
gOlD spAT jiMg dhiMg
bAru jaDa ammAyi
chalivEMdraM dappikamma
girukkuna tirigi chUSAru

nallani dOsili
taDi gOne paTTAla mIdi
pUla guTTanu
egadOstuMDagA

vIdhi malupu
tirugutOMdi
tOpuDu baMDi

A venakE
vaDagaMDla vAnalA
mallE pUl
mallE pUl
anna kEka.

I vyAsAnni konni kathalatO modalu peDatAnu. manaM AdikAvyaM anukunE rAmAyaNAnni guriMchi, Adikavi anukunE vAlmIkini guriMchi chAlAmaMdiki telisina katha okaTuMdi. ippuDu vAlmIki rAmAyaNaM anE pErutO saMskRtaMlO achchayE rAmAyaNa pustakAlu anniMTi lOnu I katha vuMTuMdi. I rAmAyaNaM reMDavasargalO vAlmIki tamasA nadilO snAnaM chEyaDAniki veLtADu. AyanatO pATu Ayana SishyuDu bharadvAjuDu kUDA veLtADu. praSAMtaMgA unna A udayaM praSAMtamanaskuDaina vAlmIki hAyigA unna reMDupakshulanu chUstADu. avi krauMchapakshulu. okaTi ADa, iMkokaTi maga. A pakshulu reMDU hAyigA maithunAnaMdaMlO maimarachi vunnAyi. A samayaMlO oka bOyavADu (nishAduDu) A reMDiMTilO magapakshini chaMputADu. chachchipOtunna magapakshini chUsi ADapakshi EDustU vuMTuMdi. A vishAda dRSyAnni chUsi aprayatnaMgA vAlmIki nOTi nuMchi SAparUpamaina IvAkyaM¹ vinipistuMdi.

mA nishAda pratishTAm tvamagamaSSASvatIssamA@h
yatkrauMchamithunAdEka mavadhI@h kAmamOhitam

A mATalu tana nOTi nuMchi vachchina veMTanE vAlmIki tanaku tAnE AScharyapOyi “kimidaM vyAhRtaM mayA” (EmiTi nEnannAnu?)² ani chUsukuMTADu. A taruvAta oka maMchi sAhityavimarSakuDi lAgA tana vAkyAlanu tAnE charchistADu. aMdulO nAlugu samAnamaina paMktulunnAyi. prati paMkti lOnu unna aksharAlu samAnaMgA vunnAyi. tIgalunna yaMtraM mIda idi pADaDAniki vIlugA vuMdi — ani vivariMchAka, idi SOkaM lOMchi puTTiMdi kAbaTTi dInni SlOkaM anaDamE nyAyaM ani dInikoka pEru peDatADu.

Ayana I SlOkAnni cheppina veMTanE, pakkanE vunna bharadvAjuDu dAnni appaTikappuDu kaMThasthaM chEsi rAga, tALabaddhaMgA pADatADu. rachana, vimarSa, paThana — I mUDU kalisi dInini kAvyaM chEstAyi. idi modaTi kAvyaM. I kAvyAnni cheppADu kAbaTTi vAlmIki modaTi kavi. I katha mIlO chAlA maMdiki telusu.

ayitE, vAlmIkini guriMchina katha idi okaTE kAdu. iMkO katha kUDA vuMdi. A katha saMskRta sAhitya vimarSaraMgaM lOki ekkalEdu. kAnI AnOTa InOTa vachchina I katha skAMdapurANaMlO, dharmakhaMDaMlO³ vuMdi. telugulO vAlmIki charitra⁴ rAsina raghunAtha nAyakuDu (rAjyakAlaM 1600-1631) kUDA cheppADu. kAnI aMtakannA prachAraMgA I katha nOTi mATagA chAlA kAlaMgA uMdi. A katha idi.

vAlmIki modaTilO baMdipOTu doMga. dArulu kAsi vachchEvALLani, pOyEvALLani bediriMchi, avasaramaitE chaMpi vALLa Dabbu dOchukunEvADu. oka rOjuna koMtamaMdi brAhmalu, kASIki veLLEvALLu, ataniki kanipiMchAru. atanu vALLani Api, “mI DabbaMtA ivvaMDi, lEkapOtE chaMpEstAnu” annADu. vALLu atanni nemmadigA mATallOki diMpi, “oka saMgati cheppu. ilAMTi pani eMduku chEstunnAvu?” ani aDigAru. “nAku peLLAM pillalu unnAru. vALLani pOshiMchaDaM kOsaM nEnu chEsE vRtti idi,” ani cheppADu atanu. “bAguMdi, nuvvu I pani chEyaDaMlO chAlA pApAnni mUTa kaTTukuMTunnAvu. nuvvu saMpAMdiMchE DabbulO pAlu paMchukunE nI peLLAM pillalu nI pApaMlO kUDA pAlu paMchukuMTArA?” ani aDigAru A brAhmalu. I praSnaku samAdhAnaM tOchaka A dAridoMga nAku teliyadannADu. “nuvvu iMTikeLLi kanukkurA. mEmikkaDE vuMTAM,” annAru vALLu. A dAridoMga iMTikeLLi peLLAM pillalni aDigADu. “nEnu mimmalni pOshiMchaDAniki dArulu kAsi manushulni chaMpi Dabbu saMpAdistunnAnu. aMduvalla nAku chAlA pApaM vostOMdani koMdaru brAhmalu cheppAru. nA DabbulO pAlu paMchukuMTunna mIru nA pApaMlO kUDA pAlu paMchukuMTArA?”

vALLu dAniki samAdhAnaMgA, “nuvvu mAkOsaM Dabbu saMpAdiMchaDaMlO E pApapuNyAlu mUTa kaTTukuMTunnAvO adi nI pani. aMdulO mAkEmI vATA lEdu. nI pApaM nIdE, adi nuvvE anubhaviMchAli,” ani annAru. dikku tOchani A doMga tinnagA A brAhmala daggariki veLLi vALLa kALLa mIda paDi tanu chEsina pApaM nuMchi vimuktuDavaDAniki mArgamEmiTani aDigADu. vALLu atanni daya talichi rAmamaMtraM ataniki upadESiMcha daluchukuni ayinA tAmasuDu, SuddhamUrkhuDu ayina ataniki A maMtrAnni yathAmArgaMlO ‘rAma’ ani cheppakuMDA tiragEsi ‘marA’ ani cheppi A maMtrAnni okachOTa kUrchuni nishTatO japiMchamannAru. A mUrkhuDu baMDagA maThaM vEsukuni okachOTa kadalakuMDA kUrchuni marAmarAmarA⁵ ani japistU vuMTE adi rAmarAmarAma ayyiMdi. alA kUrchunna A doMga mIda chedalu puTTalu peTTAyi. ayinA atanu alA japistUnE kUrchunnADu. konnALLaki rAmuDu pratyakshamai ataniki mOkshamichchADu. saMskRtaMlO puTTa aMTE valmIkaM. valmIkaM lOMchi puTTADu kAbaTTi Ayana vAlmIki ayyADu.

bhAratadESAniki iMglIshuvALLatO saMbaMdhaM vachchina taruvAta ilAMTi kathalu - talAtOkA lEnivi, eppuDu elA puTTAyO teliyanivi - vij~nAnulni chirAku peTTEvi. I kottavij~nAnulu ilAMTivannI kaTTukathalanI, charitra lEni jAtiki ilAMTi kathalE vuMTAyani vELAkOLaM chEyaDaM modalupeTTAru. idi ilA vuMDagA bhAratIya vij~nAnulalOnE alaMkAra SAstrapaMDitulu kUDA I kathalni panigaTTukuni nirAkariMchaka pOyinA kAvAlani AdariMchalEdu. aTu AlaMkArikula chEta, iTu AMglEyula chEta nirAdaraNaku gurayina I kathalu kotta chaduvulu mudurutunna koddI pAtapaDi evarikI j~nApakaM kUDA lEkuMDA pOtunnAyi. I kathallO oka kAlAniki cheMdanivALLu ani sAhitya charitrakArulu nirNayiMchina kavulu kalisi mATlADukuMTAru. asalu E kAlaM lOnU vunnArani cheppaDAniki vIlu lEni kavulu ekkaDa paDitE akkaDa kanipistAru. paigA, vALLaku lOkAtIta SaktuluMTAyi. okka mATatO vALLu mahArAjulni bichchagALLugA mArchagalaru, bichchagALLani mahArAjulni chEyagalaru. avasaramaitE dEvuNNE eduriMchagalaru. I kathalni elA anvayiMchAlO teliyaka tikamaka paDDAru sAhitya charitrakArulu.

valasapAlana dvArA vachchina pASchAtya vidyallO okaTi sAhitya charitra⁶. E kavi E pustakaM E kAlaMlO rASADu anEdi nirNayiMchaDaM I sAhitya charitraki modaTi avasaraM. I kotta charitrakArulu kotta praSnalu aDagaTaM modalupeTTAru. kALidAsu eppaTivADu? eMtakAlaM bratikADu? I vAlmIki, vyAsuDu nijaMgA rAmAyaNaM, bhArataM rASArA? okka vyAsuDu anna vyakti aMTU vuMTE vEdAlni vibhajiMchi, mahAbhAratAnni rAsi, purANAlanniMTikI karta ayi, A taravAta iMkA tOchaka bhAgavata purANAnni kUDA rASADaMTAru kadA, atanu eMta kAlaM bratiki uMDAli? adi alA vuMchi mI kavulu okka padyaMtO rAjulni rAjyabhrashTulugA elA chEyagaligAru? ilAMTi praSnalu aDagaTaMtO sAMpradAyika bhAratIya paMDitulu oka pakka tama saMpradAyAnni rakshiMchukunE pani lOnu, reMDO pakka A kotta charitra paddhatulni nErchukunE pani lOnu paDi sAhitya charitrakArulugA punarjanma yettAru. pAta SAsanAlani pariSIliMchaDaM, avi AdhAraMgA rAjavaMSAla kAlakramAlni nirNayiMchaDaM, graMthaM lOnE vunna aMtargata sAkshyAla AdhAraMgA SailIbhEdAlani paTTi kAvyakartRtvAlani nirNayiMchaDaM — ilAMTi pani paMdommidi-iravai SatAbdAla sAhitya charitra kArulu chAlA maMdi chESAru. I paddhatilO nirmiMchina telugu sAhitya charitralO enni viluvaina vishayAlu teliSAyO, aMdukOsaM eMtamaMdi eMta pariSrama chESArO taluchukuMTE AScharyamEstuMdi. I panilO vALLaku tArasapaDina I kathalu kAdanalEka tama sAhitya charitralO choppiMchina vALLu koMdaru, nirdAkshiNyaMgA nirAkariMchina vALLu koMdaru.

I kathalni daggara peTTukuni jAgrattagA pariSIliMchi sAhitya charitra nirmANAniki ati niSitamaina, parama prAmANikamaina padArthAniki I kathalu AdhAramani cheppaDaM nA uddESaM. ivi nijamaina sAhitya charitraki mUlabhUtamaina dinusulu anI, kavi aMTE evaru, graMthaM aMTE EmiTi, pAThakulu aMTE evaru, I mUDu padArthAlaki (aMTE, I padAla arthAlaki) vunna saMbaMdhAlu eTuvaMTivi, I padArthAlu, E paristhitullO elA mArAyi, A mArpulu cheppaDamE sAhitya charitra chEyavalasina pani ani nA uddESaM. aMtE kAni kAlakramaMlO E pustakaM muMdu vachchiMdO, E pustakaM taruvAta vachchiMdO cheppukuMTU kUrchOvaDaM sAhitya charitra kAdu. alAMTi charitra manaki lEkapOyinaMduku manaM vichAriMchakkarlEdu ani nA abhiprAyaM.

prapaMchaMlO Adhunikulu chAlA maMdi lAgE mana manasullO kUDA pustakAnubhavaM I kiMdi varasalO vuMdi.

• rachayita >>> pustakaM >>> pAThakuDu

ayitE bhAratadESaMlO kavi pustakAnni rachiMchaDu, pustakamE kavini rachistuMdi. I mATani marikoMchaM vivaraMgA cheppanivvaMDi. oka pustakaM itihAsamO, purANamO, SAstramO ayitE dAni kartagA adi oka manushyAtItaSakti vunna kartani sRshTiMchukuMTuMdi. udAharaNaki, rAmAyaNAniki vAlmIki alAMTi vADu. idE pustakaM bhaktigraMthaMgA chadivitE dAniki karta iMkoka vAlmIki avutADu. aMTE kirAtuDu RshigA tayArayina vAlmIki avutADu. aMTE pustakAniki arthaM mAritE dAnitO pATu karta kUDA mAratADu. I rakaMgA chUstE kavini guriMchina katha pustakaMlO bhAgaM. A katha kartRtvaMtO pATu A pustakAniki vuMDavalasina sthAyini, A pustakAnni chadavavalasina vidhAnAnni kUDA cheptuMdi.

I vishayAnni marikoMta vivaraMgA pariSIliMchaDAniki kavulni nAlugu bhAgAlugA vibhajiMchi chUstAnu.

1. Arshakavulu
2. kAvyakavulu
3. bhaktikavulu
4. chATukavulu

iMdulO modaTi rakaM kaviki, aMTE Arshakaviki oka mAnavAtIta jIvita katha vuMTuMdi. Ayana manalAgA puTTaDu, peragaDu, maraNiMchaDu. Ayanaki dEvuLLatO pratyakshasaMbaMdhaM vuMTuMdi. Ayana bhUta, bhavishyadvartamAnAlu chUDagalaDu. Ayana dRshTi prapaMchAnnaMtaTinI AkaLiMpu chEsukOgaladu. Ayana vAkku ArshavAkku. aMTE mAnavamAtrulu tappuleMchaDAniki vIlu lEni vAkku. Ayana rAsina dAMTlO vyAkaraNa dOshAlu vetakaTaM lAMTi pani vyAkartalu talapeTTakUDadu. manaM chEyagala panallA A mahAnubhAvulu cheppinavi arthaM chEsukOgalagaTamE. vyAsavAlmIkulu alAMTi vALLu.

SAstrIya saMgItaM gurumukhaMgA nErchukOkuMDA adbhutaMgA pADEvAru arudugA kanipistAru. alAMTi vArilO pramukhaMgA cheppukOvalasina vyakti SrI prativAdi bhayaMkara SrInivAsAchAryulu. saMgIta priyula hRdayAllO ‘pibies^’gA sthirapaDDa pramukha sinI saMgIta nEpathyagAyakuDu I saMvatsaraM Epril 14 tArIkuna, tana 82va ETa kAlaM chESAru. SrInivAs iMTi pEru prativAdi bhayaMkara kAvachchu gAni Ayana oka ajAtaSatruvu. oka vyakti saujanyAnni, sauhArdAnni, sauSIlyAnni EkagrIvaMgA aMdaru mechchukOvaDaM arudE. gAyakuDigA pibies viSishTatanu gurtu chEsukOvaTaM kOsamE I nivALi vyAsaM!

pi. bi. SrInivAs (1930-2013)

tUrpugOdAvari jillA gollaprOlulO 22 sepTeMbar, 1930lO janmiMchina pibies chinnanATi jIvitaM, chaduvu kAkinADalO jarigiMdi. kAlEjI pUrtayina taruvAta lA chaduvu kOsaM chennai rAvaTaM, sinimAllO pATalu pADaTaM jarigAyi. I bahumukha praj~nASAli jIvitaMlO sinimA pATala ghaTTaM viSishTamainadi ayinA, pibies sAhitya raMgaMlO salipina kRshi kUDA ghanamainadE. I vyAsaMlO pibies pADina telugu, tamiLa, kannaDa, malayALaM pATala prastAvanE kAkuMDA hiMdI pATalanu guriMchi kUDA akkaDakkaDa muchchaTiMchaTaM jarigiMdi. (pAThakula saulabhyaM kOsaM akkaDakkaDA itarabhAshala pATala sAhityAnni, arthAnni ichchE prayatnaM chESAM.) pibies sudIrgha sinI jIvita prayANaMlO ennO ghaTTAlunnA, vATanniTinI ikkaDa poMduparachaTaM sAdhyaM kAdu kAbaTTi, I viSishTa vyakti pADina konni pATalanu pAThakulaku gurtu cheyyaTaM mA mukhyOddESaM.

telugu pATalu

sAlUri rAjESvara rAvu saMgIta darSakatvaMlO bhIshma anna sinimA 1960 daSAbdaMlO viDudala ayyiMdi. I sinimAlO appaTi pramukha sinI tAralaina aMjalI dEvi, kAMtArAvulu naTiMchagA manasulOni kOrika, telusu nIku prEmika anna yugaLa gItAnni appaTi nEpathya gAyakulaina suSIla, pibies lachE pADiMchAru. gIta rachana Arudra. I pATani kalyANi rAgaMlO bANI kaTTAru sAlUri. kalyANi rAgAnni parichayaM chEstU ImATalO gataMlO vachchina reMDu vyAsAllO I pATa prasakti uMdi. ati lalitaMgA vinaTAniki I pATa hAyigA unnA, I pATa pADAlani prayatnistE aMta toMdaragA paTTubaDE pATa kAdu anna vishayaM telisipOtuMdi. pATa modalavutUnE suSIla goMtulO palikE AlApana oka ettu. pibies goMtulO vinipiMchE ‘paDati chEti mahima valana…’ anna modaTi charaNaM nuMchi pATa chivara dAkA suSIla, pibies^la yugaLa gAtraM maroka ettu.

manasu lOni kOrika telusu nIku- bhIshma SrI raghurAM jaya raghurAM - SAMti nivAsaM manasu manasu kalisE - raMgula rATnaM

I pATa oka udAharaNagA cheppaTAniki reMDu kAraNAlu unnAyi. modaTidi, bhAratIya sinIsaMgIta prapaMchaMlO makuTAyamAnaMgA veligipOtunna hiMdI sinIgItAlaku A rOjullO naushAd, SaMkar - jaikishan, madan mOhan, es. Di. barman, si. rAmachaMdra, vaMTi hEmAhEmIlu bANIlu kaTTAru. hiMdI bhAsha rAka pOyinA I bANIlu dESaMlO anni prAMtAlavAru pADukonE rOjulavi. alAMTi taruNaMlO, sAlUri rAjESvara rAvu hiMdI bANIlaMta kammagA telugulO bANIlu kaTTAru. aMduku oka maMchi udAharaNa I pATa. ika reMDava kAraNaM, eMtO maMdi saMgIta darSakula bANIlu tana goMtulO vinipiMchina pibies^ki oka goppa praSaMsa saMgItadarSakula vadda nuMchi vachchEdi — pATaki bANI kaTTina darSakuni aMchanAlaki miMchi pADatADu ani. idi reMDava kAraNaM. appaTikE ghaMTasAla vaMTi ati pratibhAvaMtulaina gAyakulu unnA, sAlUri rAjESvara rAvu I pATaki suSIlaki tODugA pibies^ni ennukOvaTaMlO pATaki rAvalasina vaividhyaM pibies tEgalaDanE nammakaM okkaTE kAraNaMlA anipistuMdi.

1960 daSAbdaMlOnE, SAMtinivAsaM anna sAMghika chitraM viDudalayyiMdi. I chitrAniki saMgIta darSakuDu amara gAyakuDu ghaMTasAla. I sinimA modaTlOnE haMsadhvani rAgaMlO SrIrAmachaMdra anna SlOkamu, A veMTanE SrIraghurAM jaya raghurAM anna yugaLa gItaM adE rAgaMlO naDustAyi. I SlOkAnni AlapiMchinavAru pibies. A taravAta vachchE yugaLa gItaM kUDA suSIla, pibies lachE pADiMchAru ghaMTasAla. ghaMTasAla tAnu svayaMgA I chitrAniki saMgIta darSakuDai uMDi kUDA pibies chEta I sinimAlO pADiMchaTaMlO Ayana mIda unna nammakaM elAMTidO telustuMdi.

eMtO kAlaM SAsrIya saMgItaM nErchunna vAru kUDA pADalEni pATalu ati sunAyAsaMgA pi. bi. SrInivAs pADaTaM viMTU uMTE AScharyaM vEstuMdi. bi. en. reDDi darSakatvaM - sAlUri saMgIta darSakatvaMlO vachchina oka maMchi sinimA raMgula rATnaM. I sinimAlO manasu manasu kalisE vELA anE pATa pibies pADina pATalalO oka kaliki turAyi. I pATa bANI paT^dIp rAgaMlO kaTTabaDiMdi. hiMdUstAnI rAga pradhAnaMgA bANIlu kaTTina sinI gItAllO arudugA vinipiMchE oka rAgaM paT^dIp.

pATalO SrAvyata

pibies pATallOni SrAvyata guriMchi prastAviMchE muMdu saMgItaMlOni konni prAthamika vishayAlu gurtuki techchukOvAli. pATalu pADEvAriki uMDavalasina oka mukhyaguNaM Sruti nirNayaM - pATa pADutunnaMta sEpu Sruti tappakapOTaM. aMTE pATa Sruti SuddhaMgA uMDAlannamATa! okkokka gAyanI - gAyakula samarthata baTTi Sruti nirNayaM jarugutuMdi. sAdhAraNaMgA gAyanImaNula Sruti takkuva gAnu, gAyakula Sruti koMcheM hechchu sthAyilOnU uMTuMdi. iMdulO maLLI karnATaka gAyakula Sruti sthAyi hiMdUstAnI gAyakula Sruti sthAyi kannA koMcheM takkuvagA uMTuMdi. I Sruti sthAyillO minahAyiMpulu lEkapOlEdu. pibies goMtu lalitaMgA palikE Sruti sthAyi 1. vesTran bhAshalO cheppAlaMTE #C# skEl. ghaMTasAla, bAlamuraLi kRshTNa vaMTi gAyakula Sruti sthAyilu #C# skEl^tO modalayyinA tArasthAyilO shaDjamaM dATi, ma, pa svarAla varaku kashTapaDakuMDA sulabhaMgA chEragalaru. koMtavaraku ghaMTasAla konni pATallO pai SrutilO pADutunnappuDu, goMtulO lAlityaM lOpiMchi gAyakuDu SramapaDutunnADani telisipOtuMdi. ika, Sruti 1lO modalayyi tArasthAyilO gAMdhAraM dAkA lalitaMgA pADaTaM pibies nErpu. gAMdhAraM dATi madhyamaM, paMchamaM daggaraki vachchEsariki pibies gAtraMlO mArdavaM lOpistuMdi. ayitE, tanu Srama paDakuMDA pADagaligE sthAyillO pibies marevarU chUpalEni lAlityanni tana pATallO chUpiMchAru. aMdukE, Ayana pATallOni lAlityAnni marokaru tIsukurAgalagaTaM kashTaM!

Emi rAma katha Sabari! Sabari! adi oka idilE - prEmiMchi chUDu adigO manaprEma - ushApariNayaM chinnAri chEtulA - annAtammuDu

pibies pADina ennO telugu sinimA pATalalO koMta vilakshaNaMgA vinipiMchE pATalu 1960lO vachchina oka sinimAlO unnAyi. A sinimA pEru bhakta Sabari. A sinimA saMgIta darSakuDu pAlagummi viSvanAthaM. I sinimA saMgIta darSakuDigA peMDyAla nAgESvara rAvu pEru pramukhaMgA vinipistuMdi. I sinimAlO rAga mAlikagA sAgE pATa Emi rAma katha Sabari! Sabari! pibies okasAri, marOsAri pi. suSIla pADAru. I bANIlu sinimAlO pravESapeTTaka muMdu rEDiyO kOsaM pAlagummi rUpoMdiMchAru. pATallO lalita saMgItaM aMTE elA uMDAlO nirvachanaM cheppina ati koddi maMdi mahAmahulalO pAlagummi viSvanAthaM gAru okaru. I pATa jAgrattagA vinaMDi. eMta lalitaMgA sAgutuMdO I pATa. dEvulapalli kRshNaSAstri (pAlagummi padmarAju uchita salahAtO) goppa pATalu rAsina I sinimAki jIvakatha rAmakatha. ayitE I jIva kathalO rasasudha I pATa.

rAvE rAvE bAlA - kulagOtrAlu gO gO gO gO gOMgUra

ippuDu konni tamAshA pATalu chUddAM! pibies telugu sinimA pATallO hAsyarasaM mukhyaMgA unna pATalu ekkuvagAnE pADAru. saradA pATalu kAbaTTi vITini tElikagA pADavachchu anukonEru, alA pADaTaM navvulATa kAdu! kulagOtrAlu anna sinimAlO sAlUri saMgIta darSakatvaMlO, kosarAju rachanaku, pibiyas jamunA rANitO kalisi ‘rAvE rAvE bAlA, hallO maiDiyar lIlA’ pADAru. I pATaki janAdaraNa bAgA labhiMchiMdi. pASchAtya saMgIta pOkaDalu kanipiMchE I pATa gammataina sAhityaMtO, aMtakannA gammataina saMgItaMtO, sAgutU SrOtalaku hushAru kaligistuMdi. vichchalaviDi SRMgArAnni samardhiMchE priyuDi kOrikalani, pachchi pachchi lav chUpAvaMTE, pichchAspatrilO vEstAru anna prEyasi samAdhAnaM hAsyarasAnni kuripistU gammattugA sAgutuMdi. ilAMTi maroka pATa iddaru mitrulu anna sinimA kOsaM sAlUri bANI kaTTi pibies, suSIlala yugaLagItaMgA pADiMchAru, chakkani chukka sarasaku rAvE okka sAri navvina chAlE ani sAgE pATa. alAgE telugudESamaMtA mArumrOgi pOyina marO hAsya gItaM (Arudra rachana, aSvatthAma saMgItaM) dEvAMtakuDu chitraMlOni gO gO gO gO gOMgUra, jai jai jai AMdhra annadi.

#[#I mukhAmukhI 2011 akTObar, navaMbar mAsAllO rashmi dUbE bhaTnAgar, rAjEMdar kaur saMyuktaMgA nirvahiMchAru. rashmi dUbE bhaTnAgar piTs^barg viSvavidyAlayaM lOni hyUmAniTIs seMTar^lO prastutaM vijiTiMg phelOgA unnAru. rAjEMdar kaur saut Eshiyan liTararI asOsiyEshan (#SALA)# yokka adhyakshurAlu, viliyaM pATarsan viSvavidyAlayaMlO asOsiyET prophesar^gA pani chEstunnAru.#]

#I mukhAmukhI modaTi bhAgaM.

kalOniyalijaM, mODarniTi, aMD liTarEchar lOni atyadhika SAtaM vyAsAla viSlEshaNalu tulanAtmakamainavi. mIru mI upOdghAtaMlO bhAratIya sAhityAnni — vividha bhAshallOMchi, prAMtAllOMchi janitamaina sAhityAlanu — tulanAtmakaMgA pariSIliMchaDaM dvArA manalanu prAMtIya saMkuchita tatvAla bAri nuMDi, sAMskRtika duratiSayaM nuMDi tappiMchukOgalamani vrASAru. dInni guriMchi iMkoMcheM mATlADagalarA?

sAMskRtika duratiSayaM (#Cultural chauvinism)# sAhityAdhyayanaparulaku vishaM lAMTidi. nA uddESyaMlO konni rakAla durahaMkAra bhAvanalu briTIshu pAlanA samayaMlO sAMskRtika anukaraNalO bhAgaMgA utpannamainavi. elA aMTE, mana saMskRtini valasa pAlakulu apratishTa pAlu chEstunnAru anna bhAvanaku pratikriyagA I durahaMkAraM puTTiMdi. chitramaina vishayaM EmiTaMTE I pratikriyAtmaka spaMdanaku (yUrap saMskRtilA nA saMskRti kUDA goppadi) prEraNa 19va SatAbdapu yUrap lO atyaMta hEyamanipiMchE svavarga svajAti vyAmOhaM, iMkA jAti vivaksha dhOraNulu (mEmu sAMskRtikaMgA itarulaina barbarulu, mlEchchulu kaMTE unnatamaina vAramu; mA poruguna unnappaTikini mAkannA takkuva sabhyata, SishTata kaligina vAri bhAshalu mA saMskRtIkariMchabaDDa AryabhAshala kannAtakkuva viluva kaliginavi) modalainavi.

I saMdarbhaMlO phreMchi kulIna vargIyuDaina gobino (#Arthur Gobineau)# pratipAdiMchina jAti vivaksha siddhAMtAla guriMchi, jAtIya sAhitya saMpradAyAlapai mAthyU ArnalD (#Mathew Arnold)# velibuchchina abiprAyAla (kelTik sAhityaMpai vrAsina vyAsAlu) vaikhari guriMchi AlOchiMchaMDi. I charchalO iMkA saMdarbhOchitamainavi 18va SatAbdapu iMglaMDulO AMglAnni pramANIkariMchAlaMTU jarigina vAdanalu. jAti vivaksha bhAvAlatO durahaMkArulu prAmANikAbaddhaM kAni bhAshA siddhAMtAlanu mAnava pariNAma SAstrAlatO muDipeTTi Adhikyatanu chATukonaDaM mIku telisiMdE. oka SatAbdaM taruvAta I bhAvAlanu koMdaru durabhimAna saiddhAMtikulu bhAratadESaMlO pravESapeTTAru. charitrakArulu I abhiprAyAlanu yUrOpiyanu saMdarbhAllO (phreMchitanaM, AMglatanaM) vimarSanAtmakaMgA pariSIliMchaDaM jarigiMdi. kAni I bhAvanalu bhAratadESaMlO chUpina prabhAvaM mIda ippaTidAkA pariSOdhana jaragalEdanE cheppAli. 19va, 20va SatAbdAllO kula varga (#Communalist sentiments)# bhAvanalu astitva vAdAlugA (#Identity theories)# rUpAMtaraM cheMdi balapaDaDaM, sAMskRtika durahaMkAraM abhivRddi cheMdina kramaMlOnE, ani jOya chaTarji anE charitrakAriNi iTIvala vAdiMchAru. aMduchEta, I vidhamaina durahaMkArAniki hiMdU mata agrakulAlaku cheMdinaTuvaMTi krotta jamIMdArula svavarga prayOjanAbhilAsha mUlaM ani cheppAli. 1968 nATikE brUMphIlD anE charitrakAruDu chAlA AlOchanatO I vargAla vaikhari guriMchi vrASADu. abhyudaya bhAvAlu kaligina vimarSakulu, charitrakArulu I vishayaMpai iMkA chAlA pariSOdhana chEyavalasi uMdi.

chAlA bAdhAkaramaina vishayaM EmiTaMTE, idE durahaMkAraM sAhityAnni vakradRshTitO oka AyudhaMlAgA vADukODAniki paniki vachchiMdi. aMTE, mA sAhitya charitra mI dAni kannA prAchInamainadi, phalAnA goppa rachayita mA sAhitya sAMpradAyAniki cheMdina vADu, ilA. I bhAvajAlaM prastutaM praSaMsiMchabaDutunna sAhitI saMpradAyAlaku cheMdina pAThakulaku saitaM maMchidi kAdu. duradRshTakaramaina vishayaM EmiTaMTE, bhAratadESa svAtaMtryaM taruvAta EdO oka rakamaina durahaMkArapu pOkaDa dESIya sAhityAdhyayanAllO prati okkariki sahajasiddhaMgA upalabdhamaina vaikharigA kanipistuMdi. sAhityaM adhyayanaM chEyaDAniki badulugA manaM asahyamaina saiddhAMtika praNALikalO pAlgoMTAmu. pUrti SraddhatO chEyavalasina viSlEshaNa, vyAkhyAnAla sthAnaMlO rachayitala pai guDDi ArAdhyabhAvAnni prOtsahistAmu. sAhitya vimarSa annadi vividha sAMpradAyAla madhya AdhipatyaM kOsaM jaripE pOTI anna apOha, svIya bhAshA saMpradAyAla paTla uddESyapUrvakamaina saMkuchitatvAnni prOtsahistuMdi. I duratiSaya bhAvajAlaM sAMpradAyika saMskRta, yUrOpiyanu sAhitya saMpradAyAlanu gurtiMchi vATilO sAmyaM chUsukOgaladu. kAnI bhAratadESaMlO itara bhAshalalO vachchina nUtana sAhitya paddhatulanu pUrtigA vismaristuMdi. oka rakaMgA I bhAvajAlaM manaDAniki iTuvaMTi aj~nAnaM eMtO avasaraM! modaTi nuMDI DhillI sAhitya akADemi dvAra prachuritamaina dESIya sAhitya charitralu, Eka vishayaka rachanalu I vishayAnni chAlA chakkagA dhruvaparustAyi. nEnu sUchistunna dRkpathaM nuMDi I dhOraNulanu viSlEshiMchaDAniki chAlA siddhAMta graMthAla avasaraM uMTuMdi.

mana duratiSayapu sAMskRtika, saiddhAMtika mUlAla guriMchi mATlADaTAniki sari ayina, samarthanIyamaina naitika paribhAsha iMkA manaku lEdu. aMduvalla duratiSayapu pOkaDalanu samAvESAllO edurkonnappuDu chEsEdEmI lEka kanubomalu eguravEyaDamO lEdA okarinokaru chUsukOvaDamO chEstAmu. ayitE koMdaru sAhityakArulu eMtO dhairyaMgA prayatniMchaka pOlEdu. karnAD (#Girish Karnad) 2001 ‘#di hiMdu’ku vrAsina vyAsaMgAni, lEdA 2009lO ‘di buk rivyU’lO prachuritamaina TagorOleTri (#Tagorolatry)# anna Ayana vyAsaM chUDaMDi. karnAD sUchiMchinaTlugA, ikkaDa mukhyamaina praSna ‘bhAratIya sAhityaM’ annadAMTlO prAmANikamaina rachayitalu evaru ani. iMkA pradhAnaMgA, I ennikalO saMpAdakula bAdhyata EmiTi ani.

maroka mukhya vishayaM EmiTaMTE, svAtiSayaM, durabhimAna dRkpathAlu iMta prabhAvavaMtaMgA unna saMdarbhAllO bhAratIya sAhityAniki cheMdina E rachananainA E vidhaMgA vimarSanAtmakaMgA, vyAkhyAnAtmakaMgA parigaNiMchAli annadi chAlA jaTilamaina praSna. Dikens^nu AMgla saMskRti yokka ghanatanu telusukOvaDAnikai mAtramE chadivitE paristhiti elA uMTuMdO AlOchiMchaMDi. lEdA, marAThI saMskRtini telusukOvaDAniki tukArAMnu, oDiyA sAhitya charitrakunna ghanatanu telusukOvaDAniki sAraLadAsu 15va SatAbdaMlO sabAlTarn dRkkONaM nuMDi vrAsina rAmAyaNa mahAbhAratAlanu chadivinaTTugA uMTuMdi. ilAMTi prayatnAlu yadArthamaina pariSOdhanalanu tappudOva paTTistAyi. eMduchEtanaMTE, ivi manalni madhya, pUrvAdhunika yugAla (#Medieval and Early Modern)# svarUpa svabhAvAlani nirdESiMchina sammiLita sAMskRtika Saktulanu adhyayanaM chEyakuMDA nivAristAyi. udAharaNaku nAtha yOgulu, saMchAra kavulu oka pradESaM nuMchi iMkoka pradESAniki tirigina vainaM oka kotta rakapu charitranu vrAyaTAniki tAvistuMdi. tukArAMnu, sAraLadAsunu kEvalaM sAhitI charitrala parimitulalO chadavaTaM valla vAri rachanallO kanipiMchE kalpanAtmakaSaktini kattiriMchinaTlE avutuMdi. vAri pATallO, kAvyAllO AdhipatyAnni vimarSiMchE dhOraNini mana dRshTi nuMDi tappiMchinaTlE avutuMdi. kAni, mana Adhunika svAtiSaya dhOraNi sAhityAdhyayanaparulanu iMkE vidhaMgAnU sAhityAnni chadavaniyyadu. idEvidhaMgA sAhitya charitranu vrAyAlani SAsistuMdi.

kalOniyalijaM, mODarniTi, aMD liTarEchar saMkalanAniki vrAsina upodghAtaMlO nA vAdana sAhitya charitralu takkuva prAmukhyaM kaliginavi ani kAdu. kAni pAThya vivaraNalu, vyAkhyAnAlu, marI mukhyaMgA, vividha prAMtAlaku cheMdina sAhityAla madhya tulanAtmaka pariSOdhanalu I duratiSayAnni edurkOvaDAniki sahAyapaDatAyi. aMduvalla tulanAtmaka pariSOdhanalu ippuDeMtO avasaraM. svAtaMtryaM vachchi aravai saMvatsarAlaiMdi. ika muMdainA manaM I jAtIya, prAdESika sAhitya charitrala nuMDi dRshTi maralchi, pAThyAlapaina pratyakshaMgA dRshTi sAristE chAla maMchidi. mukhyaMgA tulanAtmaka prastAvanalapai dRshTi kEMdrIkariMchAli. anaMtamUrti (#U. R. Anantamurty)# abhiprAyapaDinaTlugA manaku prastutaM kAvalasiMdi Adhunika bhAratIya sAhityaM paTla sUkshmamaina, niSitamaina vyAkhyAnAlatO pATu vividha prAMtAlaku cheMdina rachanA samUhAla viSlEshaNalu. ippaTikE bhAratIya sAhityaMpai jarigina konni maMchi rachanalu, udAharaNaku EjAj ahmad (#Aijaz Ahmad), #SiSir kumAr dAs (#Sisir Kumar Das), #amIya dEv (#Amiya Kumar Dev), #ayyappa paNikkar (#Ayyappa Paniker)# vaMTi vArivi, I rakamaina tulanAtmaka pariSOdhanala avasarAnni sUchistAyi. mana sAmAjika-sAMskRtika udyamAla svarUpAlanu nirvachiMchE pAThyasamUhAlapai dRshTi sAriMchAlaMTU paNikkar chEsina pratipAdana nAku chAlA nachchina sUchana.

(kavitA paMjAbi (#kavita Panjabi)# saMkalitaM chEsina pAliTiks aMD poyeTiks Aph sUphijaM aMD bhakti in saut EshiyA oka udAharaNa. I pustakaM iTIvalE prachuriMchabaDiMdi. nEnu kEvalaM sUchIpaTTika mAtramE chUsinappaTikini, pustakaM chAlA AkarshaNIyaMgA kanipiMchiMdi.) amIya dEv pratipAdiMchina ‘liTararI hisTarI phram bilO’ — briTishu mArksisTu charitrakArula praNALikanu pratidhvanistU kAbOlu — chAla viluvainadi. kAni muMdugA manaM vividha bhAshA sAMpradAyAla nuMDi veluvaDDa rachanala madhya tulanAtmaka viSlEshaNalanu utpatti chEyAlanna saMkuchita namUnA nuMDi bayaTa paDAli. oka vistAramaina, yOgyamaina sAhitya charitranu vrAyagalagAli aMTE manaM kRtrimamaina sAhitya bhEdAlani adhigamiMchAli. adE kAkuMDA, sAMpradAyikaMgA sAhitya charitra bhAshA saMpradAyAla madhya nirmiMchE gODanu kUDA paDadOyAli.

#[1968# prAMtaMlO AnATi pramukha patrikallO okaTaina jyOti mAsapatrikalO pi. bi. SrInivAs tanadaina chamatkAraSaililO AnATi pramukha saMgItadarSakulaMdaripainA sudIrghamaina vyAsAlu rASAru. kEvalaM hAsyamE kAdu, saMgItaparaMgA ennO vishayAlanE telipEvi yivi. nAku pAtapATala guriMchi aMta parij~nAnaM lEni kAlaMlO I vyAsAlni muMdu peTTukuni chAlA pATalni sEkariMchukunnAnu. Ayina mechchukunna prati okka pATA nAku kUDA tega nachchEsi, mA yiddari vEv leMgtulU okaTE anukunE vANNi. I vyAsAla viluva mariMta bAgA telisEnATiki iMTlOni jyOti saMchikalu gallaMtaipOyAyi. vATikOsaM tIvraMgA vetukutunna rOjullO DA. bhArgavi vITi phOTOkApIlanu aMdiMchAru. vAriki nA dhanyavAdAlu.

I vyAsa paraMparalO vachchinavi: hAyiga pADudunA?, rasikajana manObhirAma SrI aSvatthAma, svarasaptA chalapati SrI tAtinEni chalapati, pATala TaMkasAla SrI ghaMTasAla, svaraparAyaNa SrI AdinArAyaNa, vENu-gAnalOluDu, svarAlarAju Ti.vi. rAju, janaM nOTa tana pATa palikiMchina chilaka, jaMTasvarAlu, SrI susarla dakshiNAmUrti. ikkaDa mIkaMdistunnadi hAyiga pADudunA? anna sAlUri rAjESvararAvu paina rAsina prAraMbha vyAsaM. - paruchUri SrInivAs.#]

[#nEnu kavini kAnu. gAyakuNNi. rachayitani kAnu, rAgAlApakuNNi. ayinA jyOti saMpAdaka vargaMvAru nannI vyAsAvaLi vrAyavalasiMdigA kOrinaMtanE veMTanE koMta taTapaTAyiMchinA, chitrasImalO nAku vyaktigataMgA parichayastulU, snEhitulU ayina saMgIta darSakulanu guriMchi, vAritO nA anubhavAlanu guriMchi nA chEtanayina rItini vrAyaDAnikE saMkalpiMchukunnAnu. I rachanallO nAkatyaMta priyamaina hAsyarasaM kOsaM tApatrayamE tappa vyaMgyAnikEmAtramU tAvulEdu. anukOkuMDA porapATuna vyaMgyamekkaDainA sphuristE, adi nA tappu kAdu. kAkatALIyamanukOmani nA manavi. vyaktula suguNa gaNa praSaMsatOnE kAni, vAri dOsha vichAraNa, vivaraNalatO manaku nimittaM lEdu. uMDakUDadu. vAri kaLAkauSalaM, anubhavavaiSishTyaM, sauSIlya saurabhaM, saujanyAdi sadguNa sauMdaryaM manaku kAvalasina vaMSAlu. taditarAlu kAvu. evari manasunu gAni noppiMchaDaM nA uddESyaM kAdu. abhimataM kAdu. chaduvukuMTU pOtU vunna samayaMlO madhya ekkaDainA mIku navvu vastE chinnagA, sannagA navvukOMDi. lEka pOtE vUrukOMDi. aMtE… E vishayaMlOnU apArdhaM mAtraM chEsukOkaMDi.

mAmUlugA manaM mATlADukunETappuDu vADukuMTU vuMDE dESIya padajAlaM akkaDakkaDa tappanisarigA vupayOgiMchavalasi vachchiMdi. kAraNamEmaMTE vATiki telugu tarjumA chEsi vrAstE pilli kardhaM mArjAlaM ani cheppinaTTavutuMdEmOnani nA bhayaM. aMtE kAni iMglIshu, hiMdI, aravaM, AdigAgala parabhAshA pAMDitya prakarsha kOsaM kAdani manavi. eTochchI konni chOTla prAsa kOsaM prAkulADEnanna vishayaM mIkaMdarikI yelAgU viditamaipOtuMdi, tappO oppO cheppalEnu gAni. nEnu raimuki rithamuki dAsuNNi. phOneTiks priyuNNi. idE nAlOni prabalamaina daurbalyaM. sAhityaparaMgAnU, bhAshAparaMgAnU parikistE, dOshAlu dorlutU vuMDakapOvu ganakanU I vyAsAlalO nEnu prAdhAnyamistunnadi saMgItAnikI, saMghaTanalakI, vyaktula tatvAlaki ganakanU AyA dOshAlanu vismariMchi anugrahiMcha galaMdulaku pAThakulu nAchE prArdhitulu.#]

#SrI rasAlUru svarAjyESvararAvugAri guriMchi teliyani vArevarU telugudESaMlO vuMDaru. telugudESaMlO mAtramE anukOvaDaM dEniki? chaMdralEkha chitraM dvArA vIri sumadhuramaina saMgItAnni yAvadbhAratadESamU vini AnaMdiMchiMdi. abhinaMdiMchiMdi. alATi jagamerigina jagajjeTTini guriMchi vrAyabUnaDaM nAlAMTi vAriki mahA sAhasamanE anAli, nyAyAniki. ayinA nAku, vArikigala vyaktigata, vyApArika, kaLAtmaka sAnnihityAnni, snEhAnnI puraskariMchukuni vAritO nAku kaligina konni anubhavAlanu mIku teliyajEyagOri vrAyuTa kupakramistunnAnu.

Iyana bhalE tamAshA manishi. vichitramaina vyakti. evaritOnainA iTTE parichayaM chEsEsukuni saradAgA mATADEyagaligE Sakti vuMdi. A dhOraNilO navvutU navvutUnE nasALAniki aMTipOyE jOkulu brEku lEkuMDAnE svIT kEkullA tegavEyagaligE nErpu vuMdi. vEshabhAshalalO chAlA siMpul^gA, saradAgA vuMTAru. modaTlO vIri chEtilO sadA goDuguMDEdi. ‘marokaru manaki goDugu paTTavalasina yOgaM manakuMDagA, manaki manamE goDugettukOvalasina avasaramEmi?’ anukunE ahaMbhAvaM vIrilO SUnyaM. nirADaMbarajIvi. maDachina phul^sharTU, gUDakaTTU, chaMkalOnO, chEtilOnO myUjik phailU, myAjik^lA AkarshiMchE mATala dhOraNi, anukaraNIyamaina rAgAlakaraNI, saMbhAshaNalO madhya madhya navvula kAmAlu — ivi vIri vyaktitvaMlOni konni pratyEkatalu. vIrivadda iddaru tamiLa sahOdarulu sahAya saMgIta darSakulugA pani chEstU vuMTAru. rAjagOpAl, kRshNan anE I iruvurU SAstrIya saMgIta pravINulu. jaMTagAyakullAgA vIriddarU okEsAri pADutU rAjESvarrAvugAru kaTTina TyUnulu mAku rihArsalsulO vinipistU vuMTE mA aMdarikI bhalE yidigA vuMTuMdi. bhAshA vyatyAsaM gamaniMchakuMDA vAriki tama vadda pani chEsE sadavakASaM kaligiMchAraMTE vIri udArasvabhAvAni kadoka mudAvahamaina udAharaNa.

rAjESvarrAvugAri saMgItAnnE kAka, svarAlu dhvaniMchE vAri saMbhAshaNalU, chamatkAraM sphuriMchE ChalOktulu gUDA vini AnaMdiMchaDaMtO vUrukOka vATini anukariMchEvAru atyadhika saMkhyalO vuMTAru. vunnAru. alATivALlalO nEnu gUDA okaNNi. vIri parOkshaMlO, vIri saMbhAshaNalU avI anukaristU mitrulaMdarikI vinipistU, vAritOpATu nEnu gUDA AnaMdistU vuMTA. manalO manamATa. AyanakedurugA ennaDU ilATi chEshTalu chEyalEdanukOMDi. kAni okavELa alavATulO porapATugA nEnalA chEsinA, Ayana nannapArdhaM chEsukOranE dhairyaM, nammakaM nAkunnAyi. EmO! chUDAli mari!

rAjESvarrAvugAri pATa, dAni prASastyaM varNiMchAlaMTE mAnavula taramA! sAkshAttu vENu pravINuDaina A SrIkRshNuDE oppEsukunnADAye. “pATa pADumA! kRshNA! paluku tEnEloluku naTula” ani rAjESvarrAvugAru muraLIdharuNNi aDiginadE taDavugA, “nI aMta hAyigA nENu pADagalanA, nuvvE pATa pADu. nEnu phlUTu vAyistAnu” anEvADu. (chUDuDu. ‘jyOti’ kRshNAshTami pratyEka saMchika)

tEne goMtu

Iyana goMtulO viMta mAdhuryamuMdi. pATa sAhityAniki saMgItAnni jatachErchi maMchi varasa kaTTi Iyana svaMtaMgA anubhavistU, abhinayistU pADi vinipistU vuMDE samayaMlO nirmAtalU, vAri ASritulU, taditarulU I pATanu pADabOyE nEpathya gAyakulu Iyana pADETaMta adbhutaMgAnU pADi, pATaki nyAyaM chEkUrchagalarO lEdO anE sahajamaina saMdEhAniki guri avutU uMDaDaM kaddu. aMtE kAdu. okE sAhityAniki Iyana reMDu mUDu varasalu kaTTi, tama gaLamadhurima jODiMchi, chakkagA mELaviMchi, anargaLaMgA, tIyagA, hAyigA, pADi vinipistU vuMTE, E TyUnukA TyUnE nachchi, dEnini selekTu chEsukOvAlO teliyaka nirmAtalu tikamaka paDaTaM kUDA kaddu. idEmI atiSayOktE kAdu. khachchitamaina uchitOkti, sUkti.

I saMdarbhaMlOnE vIru saMgItaM samakUrchina anEka chitrAlalOni konni pATalu j~nApakaM chEsukuMdAM. annI taluchukuni vATini guriMchi charcha prAraMbhistE chAlA Taimu paDutuMdi. pedda graMthaM avutuMdi. anni chitrAlalO lekkalEnanni pATalu sRshTiMchArannamATa. SrIkRshNalIlalu, yillAlu, bAlanAgamma (jeminidi kAdu) modalaina chitrAllO vIru naTiMchAru. tana pATalu tanE pADukunnAru. illAlu chitraMlO “kAvyapAnamu chEsi kaipekkinAnE” ani vIru chEtulUputU, mattu kaligiMchElA pADutuMTE nAku mAMchi saradAgA vuMDEdi. dAnikOsamE nAlugu sArlu A philm chUSAnani j~nApakaM. kAlakramENA sinimAllO naTiMchaDaM, pADaDaM mAnESAru. Amadhya oka tamiLa chitraMlO (bahuSA vAshvilE orunAL lEka vAshappiraMdavaL chitraMlO anukuMTA) nEpadhyagItaM pADAru. Imadhya saMgIta darSakatvaM mIda mAtramE Sraddha vahistunnAru.

jeminIvAri bAlanAgammaki vIru saMgItaM ichchAru. iMdulOni chAlA pATalu hiTs ayinAyi. A chitraMlO mAyala marAThI bhUta prEtAlni pUjiMchE sannivESaMlO vIrichchina rIrikArDiMg ephekTs taluchukuMTE ippaTikI kUDA nA guMDelu DhAmmaMTU vuMTAyi. A samayaMlO thiyETarlO pasipillalu jhaDusukuni Arunnokka rAgaM aMdukuni AlApistU vuMDEvAru. pratI chitraMlOnU, rIrikArDiMg vishayaMlO tagu Sraddha vahiMchi sannivESAlaki tagina saMgItaM aMdiMchaDaMlO vIru siddhahastulu.

oka jAbitA: chaMdralEkha (tamiLaM, hiMdI), niSAn, apUrva sahOdarulu (telugu, apUrva sahOdaragaL aravaM), maMgamma SapathaM (telugu, tamiLaM), mis mAlini, chakradhAri vagairA jeminI chitrAlaki saMgIta sAradhyaM vahiMchAru. aMtaku muMdu, A taruvAta vAru saMgIta darSakatvaM nerapina palu chitrAlalO ivi konni: missamma (telugu, aravaM), vipranArAyaNa, mallISvari, charaNadAsi (telugu, aravaM), bAlasanyAsamma katha, vayyAri bhAma, mAyAbajAr, appuchEsi pappukUDu, vikramAdittan (aravaM), amaradEvi (aravaM), pAsai piDittavaL^ bAgyaSAli (aravaM), ADapettanaM, ArAdhana, Ahuti. (I chitrAlalO nEnu pADalEdu.)

bhalErAmuDu (telugu), prEmapASaM (tamiLaM), bhalE ammAyilu (telugu), irusahOdarigal (tamiLaM), allAvuddIn adbhutadIpaM (telugu, tamiLaM), bhakta jayadEva, cheMchulakshmi, avaL yAr (tamiLaM), rANI ratnaprabha, bhIshma, iddaru mitrulu, kulagOtrAlu, chaduvukunna ammAyilu modalaina chitrAlalO nEnu pADAnu. konni mukhyamaina pikcharla pErlu vrAyaDaM nEnu marichipOyi vuMTAnanukuMTA.

ilA anEka chitrAlaki adbhutaMgA saMgIta pradAnaM chEsi, AbAla gOpAlAnni AnaMdiMpajEsi aSEsha AMdhrAvanilOnU, AravadESaMlOnU, uttarAdinI kUDA akhaMDamaina kIrti pratishTatala nArjiMchAru. saMdarbhOchitaMgA, karNATaka saMgItamU, hiMdustAnI bANI, spAnish, arabik, havAyiyin, AdigA gala vidESIya saMpradAyAlU upayOgistU, kAlAnuguNamaina kotta kotta pOkaDalatO rakarakAla TyUnulu sRshTiMchi manaMdarikI vinipiMchAru. vinipistunnAru. iMkA iMkA vinipiMchabOtunnAru kUDA.

nATakIyata lOni ramaNIyakata dUramavakuMDA pAtapaddhatI, pavitratA cheDakuMDA kotta paMthAlO bhavyamau, navya rItulalO vIru cheMchulakshmi, bhIshma chitrAlalOni padyAla kamarchina rAga, prayOgAlu gamaniMchi chUstE, nityanUtnamaina vIri kalpanA Saktini grahiMchagalugutAru. I vidhaMgA tanakE soMtamaina oka paddhati nanusariMchi pATa vinagAnE idi rAjESvarrAvu bANI ani SrOtalu veMTanE gurtupaTTagaligE vidhAna, gItAlaku saMgItaM saMdarbhaSuddhitO samakUrchaDaM Iyanaku vennatO peTTina vidya anaDaM asamaMjasaM kAdu. viMTE rAjESvarrAvu saMgItaM vinAli tiMTE bAdAM halvA tinAli ani koMtamaMdi rasikulanukOvaDaM nEnu chevulArA vini vunnAnu.

ayidu rAgAlu

rA.rA. gArikI ayidu rAgAlu paMcha prANAlanavachchu. 1. bhIMpalAs, 2. siMdhubhairavi, 3. kAphI, 4. kaLyANi, 5. pahADI. vIri gItAlalO I rAgachChAyalu tarachU vinavastuMTAyi. migilina rAgAlu vADarani kAdu. sAdhAraNaMgA lalita saMgItaMlO ekkuvagA vADabaDE rAgAlivE, ilATivE. I mukhya rAgAlalO okkokkadAnilO vEla saMkhyalO pATalu tayAravutUnE vunnAyi. manamU viMTUnE vunnAmu. oka paTTAna bOrukoTTani rAgAlivi. manaki mukhyaMgA vunnavi EDusvarAlE ayinA A saptasvarAla viMta kalayikala vibhinna parivartanala valana valananE manakinni rakAla varusalu okE rAgaMlO amarchukOvaDAniki avakASAlu labhyamautunnAyi. idE saMdarbhaMlO I vishayaM kUDA gamaniMchAli manaM. manaM mana mitrulatO muchchaTiMchE samayaMlO “orEy phalAnA vADu phalAnA hiMdI lEka iMglIshu TyUn kApI koTTESADrA!” ani ati tElikagA mATlADEsukuMTU vuMTAM. kAni sarvadA I abhiprAyaM tathyaM kAdu. okkokkappuDu okE rAgaMlO, okE tALaMlO kUrchabaDE meTlu, konni meTla varakU okE vidhaMgA vunnaTlu anipistAyi. nijaMgA kalasipOtU vuMTAyi.

annI manavEdAllOnE unnAyisha!

navaMbar saMchikalOni palukubaDi vyAsaMpai vyAkhyAnistU lailA, bhAratIya ‘kalpaM’ guriMchi, svis dESAniki cheMdina parmejAnI saMstha tayAruchEsE ‘kalpa’ chEtigaDiyArAla guriMchi prastAviMchAru. lailAgAru cheppinaTTu brahma jIvitaMlO oka rOjuku (oka pagaluku) kalpaM ani pEru. A samayaM mAnava kAlamAnaM prakAraM sumAru 43 kOTla 20 lakshala saMvatsarAlani bhAratIyula nammakaM. ayitE, vEdakAlaM nuMchi manaku sekaMDulO oka kOTivaMtu (10-7 sekaMDlu) kAlaM nuMDi 40 lakshala kOTla saMvatsarAla (1022 sekaMDlu) dAkA lekka peTTagaligE kAlamAnaM uMDEdani cheppE veb^saiTlu iMTarneTTulO kOkollalu. alAgE, vEdAlalO (sUrya)kAMti vEgAnni kUDA viluvakaTTi cheppArani, adi nETi SAstravEttalu Adhunika paddhatulanu upayOgiMchi kanipeTTina viluvaku uramaragA saripOtuMdanI garvaMgA cheppukOvaDaM kUDA konni saiTlalO kanipistuMdi. ayitE, iMdulOni satyAsatyAla guriMchi kAstA vichAriddAM.

chAMdramAnaM, sauramAnaM, saura-chAMdramAnaM

oka amAvAsya nuMchi marusaTi amAvAsya dAkA unna ‘nela’ rOjulanu pramANaMgA tIsukoni kAlAnni kolavaDaM anAdigA mAnavuniki telusani iMtaku muMdu viDatalO charchiMchAM kadA! amAvAsya nuMDi amAvAsya dAkA sumAru mupphai rOjula kokasAri chaMdrakaLalu punarAvRttamautAyani dAdApu anni nAgarikatalaku telusu. I rakaMgA paurNami, amAvAsyala AdhAraMgA kAlAnni kolavaDAnni chAMdramAnaM (#lunar)# aMTAru.

idE vidhaMgA kramaM tappakuMDA vachchE cheTlu chiguriMchE kAlAnni, AkurAlE kAlAnni gamaniMchaDaM nErchukunnADu mAnavuDu. vyavasAyaM abhivRddhi cheMdina nAgarikatalalO varshAlu eppuDu paDatAyO, eMDAkAlaM eppuDu vastuMdO teliyaDaM mukhyaM. IjipTulOni nailunadiki dAdApu 360-370 rOjulakoka sAri varadalu vachchEvaTa. sUryuni eMDa tIkshaNatalOnU, rAtri-pagaLLa kAlaparimANaMlOnU idE 360 rOjula kramaMlO mArpulu vachchEvani vAru gamaniMchAru. I mArpula nanusariMchi kAlAlu, Rtuvulu 360 rOjullO punarAvRttamavutAyani anukunEvAru. I rakaMgA sUryuni gatimIda AdhArapaDina kAlamAnAnni sauramAnaM (#solar)# aMTAru.

nAgarikatalu velasina tolirOjullalOnE, tElikagA gamaniMchagaligE chAMdramAnAnni, vyavasAyAniki avasaramaina sauramAnAnni anusaMdhAnaM chEsE saura-chAMdramAnAlu (#lunisolar)# kUDA konni tayArayyAyi. mupphai rOjula nela lekkanu baTTi oka saurasaMvatsaraM dAdApu 12 chAMdramAsAlaku samAnamai uMTuMdani vAru UhiMchAru. ayitE, okkO chAMdramAsaM nijAniki dAdApu 29½ rOjulu; kAbaTTi 12 chAMdramAsAlu 354 rOjulaku samAnaM. kAnI, sumAru saurasaMvatsaraMlO 365¼ rOjulu. aMTE I reMDu paddhatula kolatalalO saMvatsarAniki dAdApu 11-12 rOjula tEDA. I rakamaina tEDAnu vAru A rOjullOnE pasikaTTAru. I vyatyAsAnni adhigamiMchaDAniki reMDunnara saMvatsarAlakokasAri adhikamAsaM ani 13va nelanu jatachEsEvAru. I rakamaina adhikamAsapu paddhati bAbilOniyan, IjipTu nAgarikatalalOnU, yUdu, grIku, bhAratadESAlalO kanipistuMdi. vyavasAyaMtO pATu I paddhati tUrpu AsiyAlO abhivRddhi cheMdi migitA prAMtAlaku pAkiMdani koMtamaMdi charitrakArulu UhistE, marikoMtamaMdi evarikivArE viDiviDigA I paddhatini kanukkonnArani vAdistAru. prakRtisiddhamaina vishayaM guriMchi bhinnamaina nAgarikatalu okarikokaru teliyakuMDA, okErakamaina siddhAMtAnni tayAruchEyaDaM aMta asAdhyamEmI kAdani vIri vAdana.

vEdAlalO kAlamAnaM

yasyAgnihOtraM adArSaM apaurNamAsaM
achAturmAsyaM anAgrAyaNaM atithivarjitaMcha
ahutaM avaiSvadEvaM avidhinAhutaM
AsaptamAMs tasya lOkAn hinasti (mAMDukyOpanishattu 1. 2.3)

evaraitE nityAgnihOtramutOpATu paurNamiki, mAsAniki, chaturmAsAniki, Agra ayanAniki tagina kratuvulu chEyarO #[…]# vAru saptalOkAlalO tama gatini nASanamu chEsukoMduru.

kAlAnuguNaMgA kratuvulu cheyyAlani SAsiMchE vAriki A kAlagamanaM guriMchi sthUlaMgAnainA avagAhana uMDEdani manaM UhiMchavachchu. vEdAlalO atiprAchInamaina RgvEdaM lOni SlOkAla dvArA vAriki appaTikE kachchitaMgA chaMdragamanaM guriMchi, sUryagamanaM guriMchi spashTamaina avagAhana uMDEdani, kramaM tappakuMDA vachchE Rtuvula guriMchi, adhikamAsaM guriMchE kAka, saMvatsarAniki reMDu sArlu vachchE vishuvattula (#equinox)# guriMchi, ayanAla (#solstice)# guriMchi kUDA telusunani manaM grahiMchavachchu.

RgvEdaMlO Rta(mu) aMTE kramamu, satyamu, dharmamu; anRtamu aMTE kramaM tappinadi, asatyamainadi anna arthAlunnAyi. RgvEdaMlO ‘Rta’ anna padaM chAlA prachuraMgA kanipistuMdi. idi iMDO-yUrOpiyan mUla dhAtuvu *har-t- nuMDi vachchiMdani bhAshAvEttala Uha. grIk dEvata pEraina #Arete, Harmony# mo., dIniki sOdara padAlu (#cognates).# vishuvattu (#equinox)# rOjuna bhUmipaina rAtribhAgaM, pagaTibhAgaM samAnaMgA uMTAyi. vishu- aMTE reMDu vaipulA (samAnaMgA). vishuvat- aMTE samAnamaina bhAgAlu kaladi. rAtri, pagalu samAna bhAgAlugA gala rOjunu vishuvattu aMTAru.

RgvEdaMlO AyA kAlAlalO nirvahiMchavalasina kratuvulanu vivariMchE SlOkAla dvArA AnATi kAlamAnaM yokka vivarAlanu aMchanA vEyavachchu. udAharaNaku, RgvEdaMlOni EDava maMDalaMlO 103va sUktaMlOni 7-9 SlOkAlalO saMvatsaraM chivara brAhmaNulu jaripE sOma-atirAtra yaj~nAnni vivaristU, 12 mAsAlanu (Rtuvulanu) chakkagA kApADina Rtvikkulu sOmarasaM tAgutU I yaj~nAnni vEDukagA nirvahistArani varNistAru.

brAhmaNAsO atirAtrE na sOmE sarO na pUrNaM abhitO vadaMta@h
saMvatsarasya tadaha@h parishTha yan maMDUkA@h prAvRshINaM babhUva
brAhmaNAsa@h sOminO vAchaM akrata brahma kRNvaMta@h parivatsarINaM
adhvaryavO gharmiNa@h sishvidAnA Avir bhavaMti guhyA na kE chit
dEvahitiM jugupur dvAdaSasya RtuM narO na pra minaMtyEtE
saMvatsarE prAvRshyAgatAyAM taptA gharmA aSnuvatE visargaM
(RgvEdaM 7.103.7-7.103.9)

saMvatsarAniki 12 mAsAlannadi daivanirNayamani, vATini chakkagA nirvartiMchinaMduku brAhmaNulu jarupukonE vijayOtsavamE sOma-atirAtra yaj~namani I SlOkAla dvArA manaku telustunnadi.

RgvEdaMlOni modaTi maMDalaM 25va sUktaMlOni 8va SlOkaM varuNuni guriMchi chebutU:

vEda mAsO dhRtavratO dvAdaSa prajAvata@h
vEdA ya upajAyatE (1.25.8)

varuNa dEvuniki panneMDu mAsAla guriMchi bAgA telusu; (ivi kAka) iMkoka mAsaM guriMchi kUDA telusu.

ikkaDa iMkokamAsaM aMTE adhikamAsaM guriMchE prastAvistunnArani anukOvAli. yajurvEdaMlOni 1.4.14 SlOkaMlO I adhikamAsAla guriMchi vipulaMgA vivaristU, idi prati ayidu saMvatsarAlaku reMDu sArlu vastuMdani chebutuMdi.

RgvEdaMlOnE kAlAmAnAnni chAlA guhyaMgA varNiMchE I kiMdi SlOkAlanu gamaniMchaMDi:

dvAdaSAraM nahi tajjarAya varvarti chakraM pari dyAmRtasya ।
A putrA agnE mithunAsO atra sapta SatAni viMSatiScha tasthu@h ॥ 1.164.11
paMchapAdaM pitaraM dvAdaSAkRtiM diva Ahu@h parE ardhE purIshiNaM ।
athEmE anya uparE vichakshaNaM saptachakrE shaLara AhurarpitaM ॥ 1.164.12

agnI, musalitanaM lEkuMDA svargaM chuTTU nI chakraM dvAdaSa aramulatO (#spoke –# baMDikaMTiyAku) sadA tirugutU unnadi. nI 720 jaMTa kavalala putrulu kUDA kanipistunnAru. vAru ayidu pAdAlu kaligi, panneMDu AkRtulu kaligina pitaruDigA ninnu bhAvistunnAru. marikoMtamaMdi ninnu Aru AramulatO, sapta chakrAlu kaligina vichakshaNunigA parigaNistunnAru.

ikkaDa agnini sUryuDinigA bhAviMchi saMbOdhiMchE SlOkAlu ivi: atani putrulu 720 jaMTa kavalalu – 360 pagaLLu, 360 rAtrulu; aMTE vAru A rOjullO saMvatsarAnni 360 rOjulugA bhAviMchArani anukOvachchu. ayidu pAdAlu ayidu Rtuvulu. panneMDu AkRtulu panneMDu nelalu. mari koMtamaMdi Aru Rtuvulu kaligi EDu rOjula vArAniki pratIkagA ninnu saptachakrAlu unnavADigA parigaNistunnAru.

pi. bi. SrInivAs (1930-2013)

SrI pi.bi. SrInivAs vidvat sAMgItika sukavigAyanulu. bahumukhIna praj~nAvichakshaNulu. vilakshaNamaina vyaktitvavikAsaMtO SrOtalu, pAThakula hRdayamaMdirAlalO sthiranivAsaM Erpa~rachukonna SAlInapratibhulani vAri paramapadaprasthAnAniki abhimAnulu aSrutarpaNatO samarpistunna nivALi vEyinOLLatO chATichebutuMdi. sRjanaraMgaMlO chitkaLAmayamaina kRshi chEsi vArikaMTE muMdaMja vEsinavAru trikAlAlalOnU uMDavachchunu, uMDakapOvachchunu. kAni vArilA advitIyamaina svayaMkRshitO saMgItAnni ApAtaramaNIyaMgAnU, sAhityAnni AlOchanAmRtaMgAnU AsvAdiMchi AsvAdiMpajEsi, AnaMdiMchi, AnaMdiMpajEsi A paMchAmRtAnni prapaMchamaMtaTA paMchipeTTAlani tahatahalADina SrInivAs vaMTi sahRdayulanu mAtraM eMtO arudugA chUstAmu. Andhratva mAndhrabhAshA cha nAlpasya tapasa@h phalam ani trikaraNaSuddhigA nammi, AMdhradESAniki dUraMgA uMTU A nammakAnni nAnAvidhabhAshalalO abhivyaktIkariMchina dhanyajIvanulugA vAraMTE gauravaM nAku. A gauravAnni vellaDiMchEMduku iTuvaMTi du@hkhamayasamayaM taTasthiMpavachchunani ennaDU anukOlEdu.

SrInivAs SrIvaishNavulu. SrIvaishNavulalO prativAdibhayaMkaraM gRhasthASramuladi oka prakRshTaj~nAnavaMtamaina sthAnaM. tamiLadESaMlO jaina haiMdava dharmAla saddu maNigina tarvAta haiMdavaMlO Saiva vaishNavAla madhya paraspara virOdhAlu koMtakAlaM sAgAyi. bhagavadrAmAnujulu SrIvaishNavAnni chaturvarNAla sarihaddulu dATiMchi, janulaMdarikI mOkshamaMtrAnni upadESiMchinappaTinuMchi SrIvaishNavaM prabalaMgA vyApti cheMdiMdi. tadvArA drAviDavEdaM paThanapAThanAlalO ma~riMta prachArAniki vachchiMdi. SrIvaishNavulaMdarU ubhayavEdAMta pravartanulayyAru. bhagavadrAmAnujula priyaSishyulu mahAkavi kUrattALvArulu. Ayanaki SrIvatsAMkamiSrulani pEru. chitrakavitvaMlO agragaNyamaina yamakaratnAkaraM vAridE. vAri vaMSaMlOni vArE saumya jAmAta ani pErupoMdina mahAkavi manavALamuni. yatirAjavijayAdi mahAkRtulanu rachiMchina vAtsya varadAchAryulu kUDA A kuTuMbaMlOni vArE.

manavALamuni priyaSishyulu aNNaMgarAchAryulavAru. manavALamuni upadESasArAnni bhujAna vEsukoni dESasaMchAraM chEsi vidyAvivAdAlalO matatrayapaMDitulanu meppiMchina mahApaMDitulu Ayana. A rOjulalO vAkyArthasabhalalO vAdiMchaTaM aMTE pratipAdyavastu tattvAvagAhanatO upakramiMchaTaM, pramANashaTkAnni kramaprathatO nirUpiMchi tAtparyanirdhAraNa chEyaTaM annamATa. aNNaMgarAchAryula vAdavaibhavaM mUlAna vAriki prativAdibhayaMkarulani paurushanAmaM ErpaDiMdi. adE iMTipErugA mA~riMdi. prativAdibhayaMkaraM aNNaMgarAchAryula vArayyAru. aNNaMgarAchAryulu eMtaTi paMDitulO aMtaTi rasikulu. eMtaTi rasikulO aMtaTi mahAkavulu. I rOju tirumalESuni maMdiraMlO anunityaM suprabhAtavELa SrUyamANaMgA unna SrI vEMkaTESvara suprabhAta stOtraM rachiMchinadi vIrE.

SivAjI, eMjIAr taditarulatO

SrIvatsa sagOtrulalO A prativAdibhayaMkaraM aNNaMgarAchAryula vAri saMtati vArokaru 15va SatAbdi nATikE AMdhradESAniki taralivachchAru. tUrpu tIrAna A kuTuMbAla vAru ippaTikI tAmarataMparagA vyApiMchi unnAru. sAmarlakOTalO prativAdibhayaMkaraM tiruvEMgaLAchAryulani goppa paMDitulu 19va SatAbdilO uMDEvAru. 1862lO bhAnumiSruni rasamaMjariki tAtparyamaMjari ani vyAkhyanu vrASAru. kUrESvarula sudarSana SatakAniki laghuTippaNini kUrchAru. Ayana kUDA chitrakavitvapriyulu. vAri saMtati vAru kRshNA jillAlOni pasalapUDiki vachchi sthirapaDDAru. hRdyOgAlu udyOgAlaku maLLina tarvAta appaTi Arthika paristhitulanu baTTi vAraMtA tUrpu gOdAvari jillAlO kAkinADaku veLLAru. vArilO prativAdibhayaMkara vEMkaTa lakshmaNa phaNIMdrasvAmi, SEshagiramma daMpatulunnAru. kAkinADalO uMDagAnE A daMpatula puNyavaSAna 1930 sepTeMbaru 22va tEdIna SrInivAs janmiMchAru.

pi. bi. SrInivAs

chinnappaTi nuMchi SrInivAs muchchaTa okaTi. mUDELLu vachchinA mATalu rAlEdu. taMDri vAgmi, talli vAchaknavi. koDukuku mATalu rAkapOvaTaM digulE kadA ma~ri. mokkani rAyi lEdu, ekkani guDimeTTu lEdu. EmaitEnEmi, padhnAlugu bhAshallO veyyi sinimA pATalu pADi, ashTabhAshallO vElakoddI gItAlanu vrAyavalasina bhavitavyaM ennALLu goMtulO nuMchi pekali rAkuMDA avyaktaMgA uMDagalugutuMdi? A mATalu rAvaTaM rAvaTaM giriSikharaM nuMchi dUkipaDE sravaMtIpravAhavEgaMtO vachchAyi. pasinADE goMtu vasivADE spashTavAkkutO vyaktamayiMdi.

piThApuraM kAlEjI phOTO

SraddhagA chaduvukonnAranE tappa A chaduvusAmulalO pedda viSEshAlEvI lEvu. haiskUlu dATi pi.Ar. kAlEjIlO chadivinadi bi.kAm ayinA dRshTi A aMkela saMkelala mIdiki maLLalEdu. mahammad raphI, mannADE, talat mehamUd, mukhEsh^la pATalu vinaTaM, iMTlO talligAri vadda sAdhana chEyaTaM. saMgItaM klAsulO chEri, aMtalOnE viDichivESAru. sahajapAMDityAnni SrutapAMDityaMtO paripUrNiMchukonnAru. saMskRtAMdhrAla adhyayanaM uMDanE unnadi. jyOtishkulevarO pedime vi~richi, lAbhaM lEdannAraTa. phaNIMdrasvAmi A mATalaku venakADalEdu. koDukaMTE aMta nammakaM Ayanaku. appaTlO kAkinADalO sab rijisTrArugA unna goppa vINAvAdanulu brahmaSrI Imani SaMkaraSAstri vaddaku tIsikoniveLLAraTa. SaMkaraSAstri yuvaSrInivAsuni gAtraM AlakiMchi, eMtO mechchukoni, maMchi bhavishyattu uMTuMdani dIviMchAraTa. DigrI paTTabhadrata pUrti kAgAnE tana vAdyabRMdaMlO avakASaM istAnani mATayichchAru. A challani dIvena tanaku SrIrAmaraksha ayiMdani A tarvAta SrInivAs Imani vAripaini oka nivALi vyAsaMlO gurtuchEsukonnAru.

A rOjullO kAkinADalO rAdhAsvAmI satsaMgula prabhAvaM mUlAna hiMdI, paMjAbI bhAshalaku koMta prachAraM uMDEdi. SrInivAs^ku hiMdI pATalu eTlAgU ishTaM kanuka Akarshitulai chinnanATinuMchE hiMdI chaduvukunnAru. chennapuriki veLLina tarvAta kAsta paTTubaTTi dakshiNabhArata hiMdI prachAra sabha vAri hiMdIviSArada parIkshalO sulabhaMgAnE uttIrNulayyAru. A parIksha kOsaM suprasiddha chalanachitra naTi hEmamAlini talli SrImati jaya AyanatO kalisi chaduvukonEvAru. AviDa iMTi edurugA viSvavikhyAta vayolin vidvAMsulu lakshmInArAyaNa subrahmaNyaM kuTuMbaM uMDEdi. vAriMTi kriMdi bhAgaMlO prakhyAta pAtrikEya rachayita sOviyaT bhUmi patrika saMpAdakulu seTTi ISvara rAvu chAlA rOjulunnAru. sarvEpalli rAdhAkRshNan gArillu aMtaku nAlugu nimishAla naDaka. I parichayAla valla SrInivAs saMskAraM purivichchukoMdi.

oka myUjik seshan^lO

sAlUri rAjESvararAvutO snEhamaMTE snEhaM, SishyatvamaMTE SishyatvaM, chanuvaMTE chanuvu. Ayana dagga~ra gAtradhAraNa meLakuvalanu, saMgItapu oDupulanu, vAdyabRMdaM nirvahaNanu, vAkchAturyAnni, hAsyadhOraNini okaTanEmiTi, puNiki puchchukOni vidya lEdu. chinnappaTi nuMchi vinnadI chadivinadI chevi oggi vinaTamE gAni, manasu peTTi chadavaTamE gAni saMgItaMlOnU, sAhityaMlOnU SikshApraNItaMgA cheppukOdagina peddala dagga~ra cheppukOlEdu. A vinnadanaM lEkuMDA vinnadAniki me~rugulu diddukonnAru. svayaMpratibhAnatatO kRshichESAru. A kRshi paripari vidhAla paMDiMdi. paMTa kApuku rAgAnE nalugurikI dOsiLLa niMDA paMchipeTTaDaM, maMchi vittanAlanu maLLI nATaTaM, avi molaketti chiguLLu toDigi moggalu vichchukoni puvvulu pUsi kAyalu gAchi paMDlayyE Rtuvu vastuMdani ma~rusaTETi kOsaM maLLI eduruchUDaTaM. saMgItaMlOnU sAhityaMlOnU Ayana kRshi aMtE. A kRshi phaliMchi Ayana achirakAlaMlOnE ubhayakaLAkOvidulugA gurtiMpunu poMdAru.

chennapurilO uMDagA SrInivAs^ki vidyAvakASAlu bahuvachanaMlO kalisivachchAyi. bulusu veMkaTaramaNayya, tIrthaM SrIdharamUrti, vi. rAghavan vaMTi mahanIyula sannidhisEva labhiMchiMdi. labdhapratishThulaina dEvulapalli kRshNaSAstri, mallAdi rAmakRshNaSAstri, SrISrI, aniseTTi subbArAvu, dASarathi, che~ruvu AMjanEya SAstri, koMgara jaggayya vaMTivAriki sannihitulayyAru. A kAlaMlOnE mA nAnnagAritO parichayaM snEhaMgA mA~riMdi. AkASavANilOnU, pAtrikEyaraMgaMlOnU, kavitvAbhimAni saMghaMlOnU unna sAhitImitrula saMkhya lekkaku mI~rutuMdi. saMgItaM, sAhityaM, sinimAlatO maitri ‘#My Three’# ani AyanE annAru.

taMDrigAri saMskRtapaMDitulu kAvaTaM valla saMskRtaM SrInivAs^ki chinnanADE abbiMdi. phaNIMdrasvAmi kaMTE talli SEshagiramma dagga~ra chanuvekkuva. taMDri kramaSikshaNaku peTTiMdi pEru. talli saMskRta vidushItallaja. kiDAMbi vAriMTi ADapaDuchu. Amedi kOyila goMtu. saMgItakOvida. guruvula nuMchi SrInivAs nErchukonnadEmannA uMTE adi talli nuMchE. AmE Ayanaku Adiguruvu, tudi guruvu. takkinadaMtA ‘kAn khOl kar’ vinaTamokkaTE.

madrAsuku vachchina tarvAta SrInivAs okka telugunu mAtraM paddhatigA mahAvidvAMsulu rAvUri dorasAmiSarma sannidhini SrI ArudratO kalisi TyUshan cheppukonnAru. A ‘TyUshan’ katha chAlAmaMdiki teliyadanukoMTAnu. mottAniki A satsAMgatyaM ChaMda@hSAstraMlO SrInivAs bhAvukatvAniki, bhAvakavitvAniki, bhAvipariSOdhanalaku prAtipadikaM ayiMdi. dorasAmiSarma tAmu rachiMchina AMdhralakshaNasaMgrahaM graMthAnni vAriddarikI pAThaM cheppAru. Arudra samagrAMdhrasAhityaM rachiMchE uddESaMlO unnAru. suprasiddha kavinanna ahaMbhAvamEmI lEkuMDA dorasAmiSarma cheppina pAThAnni cheppinaTlugA gurtuMchukonEvAru. SrInivAs chitrakavitvAniki me~rugulu diddukonE prayatnaMlO unnAru. A prayatnaM dorasAmiSarma bOdhanApaTima mUlAna ayatnaMgA phaliMchiMdi. A bommalanu punarlEkhanAbhyAsaM kOsaM dorasAmiSarma kAgitaM mIda tEdI vEsi, #PBS# ani vrAsi bhadraMgA dAchi uMchEvAru. avannI ippuDiMkA vAriMTa uMDE uMDAli.

SrInivAs AdhunikatAbhimAni. ‘Adhunikata’ aMTE ‘prAta yanipiMchu sarikrotta pathamu nAdi’ annamATa. saMpradAyapu paridhilO uMTUnE sarikrotta dArulu tIyaTaM adi. ‘chitraprayOgaM’ lEni kEvala saMpradAyaM Ayanaku abhimataM kAdu. guruvula vadda SAstrIyasaMgItAnni SAstrIyaMgA nErchukOkapOvaTaM valla Ayana jIvika SAstrIyasaMgIta kachErIlaku moggalEdu. lalita saMgIta kAryakramAlaku, sinimA pATala vibhAvarulaku lekkalEdu. Ayana saMgItAbhimAnaM saMkuchita paridhulalO kuMchiMchukOka prAchya pASchAtya rItulanniMTiki vistarilliMdi. A rItulanniMTilOnU prayOgAlu chESAru. bhAshAvishayaMlO mAtraM SAstrAnni SAsanaMgA, SAstrIyaMgA nErpE SAsta okaru dorasAmiSarma rUpaMlO labhiMchAru. A saMskAraphalaMgA SrInivAs “ChandOhInO na SabdOsti, nachChanda@h Sabdavarjita@h” anna nammakaMtO bhAshanu abhimAniMchAru. A bhAshAbhimAnaM bahubhAshAbhimAnAniki dAritIsiMdi. telugu, kannaDaM, tamiLaM, malayALaM, hiMdI, urudu, iMglIshu, saMskRtaM nErchukonnAru. anni bhAshalalOnU rachanAbhyAsaM modalupeTTAru. pariNatini sAdhiMchAru.

kavi jIvitAlu, kavula charitralu vachchina rOjullO kUDA sAhitya paThanaM, pariSIlana jaragaka pOlEdu. kaMdukUri vIrESaliMgaM kavula charitra rAsinA telugu sAhitya svarUpAnni telapaTAniki rAjamahEMdravaraM nuMchi taMjAvUri varakU tirigi SramiMchArannadi marichipOkUDadu. telugulO vachchina anni sAhitya charitralU viluvaina samAchArAnnE aMdajESAyi. piMgaLi lakshmIkAMtaM lAMTi vAru bOdhana, pariSOdhana ichchina avakASAla valla mariMta vivEchana jaripi kramapaddhatilO sAhityacharitranu aMdajEya galigAru. AMdhra sAhityAnni gUrchi eMta cheppinA adi samagraM kAkapOyinA dorikina sAmagrinaMtaTinI aMdaMgA cheppagaligAru Arudra. vishayAlanu pOguchEyaDamE gAni viSlEshaNa takkuvani Ayana rachananu aMchanA vEsinavAru lEkapOlEdu. telugulO kavitA viplavAla svarUpAnni viSadaparachaTaM dvArA velchEru nArAyaNarAvu sAhityAnni kottagA chUDaTAnni parichayaM chESAru. sAhitya charitranu rAyaTaM kanna prakriyAvikAsAnni pariSIliMchaTaM uttamamani ji. vi. subrahmaNyaM sUchiMchAru. vidyArthulanu mAtramE dRshTilO uMchukoni rAsina sAhitya charitralu samIkshAgraMthAlugA migilipOyAyi.

anni rakAla sAhityacharitrallOnU aDapAdaDapA tulanAtmaka pariSIlana jaragakapOlEdu. telugu sAhitya vikAsAnni pariSIliMcha bUnukunna vAru saMskRta sAhitya nEpathyAnni, prabhAvAlanu gamaniMchakuMDA muMduku pOvaDaM sAdhyaM kAdu. telugu sAhitya charitrakArulaMdarU koddO goppO saMskRta parichayaM saMpAdiMchukunna vArE. dInivalla konni lAbhAlu, marikonni nashTAlu ErpaDDAyi. telugulO mArga sAhitya prakriyalu saMskRtaM namunAlOnE vachchinA dESi sAhitya prakriyalu viSishTa praNALikatO veluvaDDAyi. dInni sariggA gamaniMchaka pOvaTaM valla bhAsha, ChaMdassu modalaina vATi viSlEshaNalO lAgE sAhitya vikAsa pariSIlanalO kUDA konni koratalu ErpaDDAyi. telugu sAhitya svarUpAnni teliyajeppAlanukunna vAru SishTa sAhityAniki, likhita sAhityAniki mAtramE peddapITa vEsi maukhika sAhityAnni, pada sAhityAnni, yakshagAna sAhityAnni peddagA paTTiMchukOkapOvaTaM lOpamE. prapaMcha sAhityaMlO telugu pratibhanu nilabeTTAlaMTE paMDita sAhityaM eMta mukhyamO maukhika sAhityaM (nOTinuMchi nOTiki prasAramayyEdi), pada sAhityaM (pADaTAniki kalpiMchiMdi), yakshagAna sAhityaM (abhinayaMtO bATu itara kaLalatO ErpaDDa dESIya samAhAra kaLa) kUDA aMtE mukhyaM.

telugu sAhityAnni aTu saMskRtaMtO, iTu dakshiNa dESIya bhAshalatO pOlchi chUputU samagra dRshTitO veluvaDina rachanalu chAlA takkuva. nijAniki pALI prAkRtAlu, apabhraMSaM, itara bhAratIya bhAshala parichayamU avasaramE. okE okka udAharaNAnni ikkaDa cheppukOvAli.

nannayya kAlaM nuMDi viSvanAtha satyanArAyaNa kAlaM varaku veluvaDina sAhityAnni manaM sthUlaMgA padyasAhityamani cheptunnAM kAni dAni svarUpAnni baTTi chaMpU mAdhyamamanAli. telugulO mahAkAvyarachanaku teluguvALLu eMpika chEsukunna mukhyamaina mAdhyamAlu chaMpU, dvipada annavi. I reMDiTlO dvipada dESIya ChaMdOmAdhyamaM. chaMpU annadi vividha padyAlanu upayOgistU akkaDakkaDA gadyabhAgAnni kUDA chEristE oka viSishTa mAdhyamaM avutuMdi. daMDi lakshaNaM cheppETappuDu padya gadyAlu kalipi rAstE chaMpU avutuMdani cheppinA A padyAlu vividha ChaMdOrItulaku saMbaMdhiMchinavani arthaM chEsukOvAli. paMpa, ponna, ranna lAMTi kannaDa mahAkavulu chaMpU mAdhyamAnni vADAru. kannaDaMlO 10-11 SatAbdulanATi sAhityAnni chaMpUyugamanE aMTAru. kannaDalO dAni prAchuryAnni gamaniMchina Ar. es. mugaLi lAMTi sAhitya charitrakArulu ‘chaMpU’ anE padaM kannaDamani, kannaDaM nuMchE chaMpU mAdhyamaM saMskRtAniki veLLiMdani abhiprAyapaDDAru Ar. es. mugaLi. chaMpU guriMchi modaTi lakshaNaM cheppina daMDi kUDA dakshiNadESaM vADE anE abhiprAyaM uMdi kAbaTTi chaMpU mAdhyamAnni dAkshiNAtyulE sRshTiMchArani abhiprAyapaDaTaM sahajamE.

ayitE Ar. es. mugaLi abhiprAyAnni vyatirEkistU saMskRta paMDitulu ke. kRshNamUrti chaMpU mAdhyamaM prAkRtaMlO sA. Sa. nAlugu, ayidu SatAbdAla nuMchE unna vishayAnni bayaTapeTTAru. I vishayAnni Ayana daMDi kAvyAdarSaM kannaDa anuvAdAniki pIThika rAstU I vishayaM prastAviMchAru. daMDi kAvyAdarSAniki padO SatAbdilOnE ratnaSrIj~nAna anE siMhaLa paMDituDu goppa vyAkhyAnAnni rASADu. A vyAkhanaMlO AryaSUruni ‘jAtakamAla’ chaMpU kAvyAniki udAharaNamani ratnaSrI j~nAnuDE. ilAMTi vishayAlanu telusukOkuMDA chaMpUkAvyAlanu guriMchi nirNayAlu chEyaDaM maMchidi kAdani ke. kRshNamUrti sUchiMchAru.

telugulO saMskRta prAkRtAlu, dakshiNa dESIya sAhityAlu telisi rAyagaligina vAru chAlA koddi maMdi uMDEvAru. alA amUlyamaina rachanalni chEsina vArilO kOrADa rAmakRshNayya okaru. tikkana bhAratAnni saMskRtaMtO pOlchi chUpinA, drAviDa bhAshala sAmAnya lakshaNAlanu parichayaM chEsinA, dakshiNadESa bhAshA sArasvatAlalO dESini guriMchi rAsinA Ayana adhikAravANilO cheppagaligAru. mukhyaMgA dESi ChaMdassulanu guriMchi, prakriyalanu guriMchi Ayana rAsinavi nirdushTaMgA, lOtugA, alOchanalni prErEpiMchE vidhaMgA uMDaTAniki kAraNaM vividha bhAshala parichayamE. alAMTi vAri rachanalni pariSIliMchinappuDu mana sAhitya charitrakArula rachanallO lOpAlu dRshTiki vastAyi. saMskRta prAkRta maryAdalatO bATu dAkshiNAtya bhAshA sAhitya lakshaNAlu kUDA telisi rAsina vArilO rALLapalli anaMtakRshNa Sarma, tirumala rAmachaMdra, rAvUri dorasvAmi Sarma, timmAvajjhala kOdaMDarAmayya lAMTivArunnAru. kAni vIraMtA konni vishayAla mIda mAtramE dRshTi uMchi rAyaTaM valla manaku mottaM telugu sAhityAnni gUrchina avagAhana kalagaTaM lEdu.

telugu sAhityAnni guriMchi rAsina vArevvarU jAnapada sAhityAnni paTTiMchukOkapOvaTaM valla apachAramE jarigiMdi. sAhityaM saptagOdAvarilA uMTuMdi kAni oka vAhinigA pravahiMchadu. kavitrayaM, SrInAthuDu, prabaMdhakavulu, dakshiNAMdhra vA~mmayaM, Adhunika sAhityaM anE pErlatO telugu sAhityAnni cheppEstE chAlanukunEvAru manalO chAlAmaMdi unnAru. E sAhityAnnayinA modalu peTTAlsiMdi maukhika sAhityaMtO. kAlanirNayaM chEyaTaM asAdhyamainA telugulO maukhika sAhityaM gAthAsaptaSati kAlaM nuMchE uMDi uMDAlani tirumala rAmachaMdra udAharaNalatO sahA nirUpiMchAru. gAthA saptaSatilO polaM pATalanu guriMchi, peLLipATalanu guriMchi prastAvana uMdi. avi telugu pATalu kAvaDAniki avakASaM uMdi. gAthAsaptaSati mATa elA unnA telugulO dorikina modaTi padyaSAsanaM paMDaraMgani addaMki SAsanaM kAbaTTi dAnilOni taruvOja ChaMdassu kUDA pariSIlanArhamE. taruvOja achchamaina telugu dESi ChaMdassu. taruvOjalni rOkaTi pATallO vADutArani AlaMkArikulu cheppAru. aMtE kAdu, saMskRtaMlOnU, kannaDaMlOnU lEni vidhaMgA yatimaitri (saMskRtaMlO yati virAmamE kAni maitri kAdu), dvitIyAkshara prAsa (saMskRtaMlO prAsa SabdAlaMkAraM mAtramE) addaMki SAsanaMlO unnAyi. kannaDaMlO prAsa uMdi kAni yati lEdu. tamiLaMlO yatiprAsalanu pOlinavi unnAyi kAni telugulO lAgA lEvu. ivannI kAka addaMki SAsanaMlOnE padyamU, gadyamU reMDU unnAyi kAbaTTi appaTikE gadyapadyAlanu kalipi rAsE saMpradAyamU telugulO uMdani UhiMchavachchu. aMtEkAka rOkaTipATala vaMTi maukhika sAhityaM tommidava SatAbdi nATikE uMdani UhiMchavachchu.

telugulO likhita sAhityaMtO bATu atyaMta vistRtaMgA veluvaDina jAnapada sAhityAnni, SatakaM, udAharaNaM, daMDakaM, yakshagAnaM lAMTi viSishTa prakriyalni, pAlkuriki sOmanAthuDu, koravi gOparAju, kEtana, vinukoMDa vallabharAyaDu, annamayya, vEmana lAMTi kavulni peddagA paTTiMkOkapOvaTaM sAhitya charitralO oka lOpamani cheppukOvAli. rAjakIyAlu, saMghaM, mataM, tAtvika dhRkpathAlu modalaina vATilO manishi tana sthAnaM vetukkonE avakASaM guriMchi prastutaM viSlEshaNa ekkuvagA jarugutOMdi.

avakASamannadi kEvalaM sthalAvakASaM mAtramE kAka sAhityaMtO sahA anni raMgAlalOni avakASAnikI vartistuMdi. niravakASAlaina vidhulu sAvakASAlaina vidhulni bAdhistAyani vyAkaraNa SAstravEttalu cheppaTaM — niravakASAhi vidhaya@h sAvakASAn vidhIn bAdhantE — sAhityAnikI vartistuMdi. oka kAlAniki niravakASaMgA mArina saMskRta sAhityaM sAvakASaM kala telugunu bAdhiMchiMdA anna vishayaM pariSIliMchadaggadE. dIni mATa elA unnA teluguvAru tama sAhityAvakASAnni ErparachukonETappuDu kEvalaM saMskRtaM mIdanE AdhArapaDalEdani, irugu porugu bAshalanu kUDA gamaniMchArani telusukoni sAhityavikAsAnni pariSIliMchAlannadi mukhyaM.

(iMkA uMdi.)

AdhAra graMthAlu

1. Arudra, samagrAMdhra sAhityaM, prajASakti buk haus, vijayavADa,1989.
2. kOrADa rAmakRshNayya, AMdhra bhArata kavitAvimarSanamu, madrAsu, 1981.
3. kOrADa rAmakRshNayya, dakshiNadESabhAshAsArasvatamulu-dESi, madrAsu, 1970.
4. tirumala rAmachaMdra, gAthAsaptaSatilO telugu padAlu, prAkRta akADemI, haidarAbAdu, 1978.
5. ArvIyas suMdaraM, telugu sAhityamulO dESikavita, nellUru, 1970.
6. ArvIyas suMdaraM, dakshiNa bhAratIya sAhitya, maisUru, 2002.
7. ArvIyas suMdaraM, kannaDa sAhitya charitra, AM.pra.sAhitya akADemi, haidarAbAdu,1977.
8. Ar. es. mugaLi, kannaDasAhitya charitre, (19va pra.), gItA buk haus, maisUru, 1993.

#[#I vyAsaM vijayachitra patrika viMSati vatsara viSEsha saMchika (1986)lO modaTisArigA prachuriMchabaDiMdi. koddi niDivilOnE bhAratIya sinimA saMgIta, sAhitya pOkaDalananniMTinI prastAvistU rAsina maMchi parichaya vyAsaM. mIku kUDA nachchutuMdanE ASistAnu. - paruchUri SrInivAs.#]

#saMgItaM jIvanasudhAsAraM. kaLalalO saMgItAnidi nirupamAdvitIya sthAnaM. Adi Sabdamaina OMkAraM kramakramaMgA viSramiMchi, viSvarUpaM dAlchi nEDu agaNitavidha saMgItaMgA rUpoMdiMdi.

saMgItaM, gAtra saMgItaM (gAnaM) gAnU, vAdya saMgItaM (vAdanaM) gAnU reMDu pratyEkatalatO vilasillutOMdi. vAdyAlalO rAgavAdyAlU, tALavAdyAlU reMDu rakAlu. modaTa prativAdyaM pratyEkaMgA prayOgiMpabaDi, pidapa reMDu, mUDu, nAlgu vAdyAlatOnu, tadupari bahuvAdya sammELanaM valananU ArkeshTrAgA pErkonabaDiMdi. vAdya saMgItaM, gAtra saMgItAniki sahAyakaraMgA kUDA prayOgiMpabaDasAgiMdi.

SabdaM ilA vijRMbhiMchagA veluturu marOlA viSvarUpaM dAlchiMdi. velugunIDala kalayikalatO palu raMgAlani kUDA jODiMchi, mUkIgA prAraMbhamaina chalana chitrayugaM InADU TAkIgA bahujanAdaraNa poMdutOMdi. mATalEni chitrAlu mATADi, ATADi, InADu pATa pADutU goppa sAdhanalu kAvistunnAyi. InADu sinimA, AhAra vastrAlakannA adhika prAmukhyaM gaDiMchukunna vainaM atyAScharyajanakaM.

rikArDiMgu vidhAnAlU, plEbAk siMgiMg TeknikkulU vaiSishTyaM saMpAdiMchukunna I rOjullO saMgItaM vibhinna viSishTa pariNAmAlani saMtariMchukuMdi. modaTlO nATakAlalO pADE gAyaka gAyanImaNula kaMThasvaraM thiyETarlO kUrchunna pratI prEkshaka SrOtaki vinipiMchE vidhAna khaMguna mOgE ghaMTalA vuMTEnE pEru gaDiMchagaligEdi. kAnI, maikulU, lauD spIkarlU, elakTrAnik ekvip^meMTulU pApular ayinakoddI kaMThasvaraM chAlA mettagA vunnA vij~nAnadatta vilakshaNa parikarAla sahAyaMtO bahuguNIkRtamaina Sabda parimANAnni sAdhiMchagalugutOMdi. chIma chiTukkumannA, Enugu ghIMkAraMlAga, siMha garjanalAga vinipiMchagala viMta parikarAlu nETi chalanachitra saMgItAnni bRhatpariNAmAlaki gurichESAyi. chitrAlalO pATalalAgE, sannivESAlaki tagina nEpathya saMgItaM kUDA prAdhAnyAnni gaDiMchukuni, pratyEkaMgA gurtiMpabaDi praSaMsiMchabaDE sthAyiki edigiMdi. modaTlO takkuva vAdyAlatO raMjiMpagaligina saMgItaM ippaTlO vaMdala vAdyAla saMraMbhaMtO prabalamai aMdarnI digbhrAMtulni kAvistOMdi.

InATikE saptasvara saMgItaMlO kOTla rachanalu rEDiyO, Ti.vi. kAryakramaMlOnu, sinimAlalOnU prachAraM poMdAyi. pAtarAgAlalO kotta pOkaDalennO vachchAyi. vastunnAyi. vastUnE vuMTAyi. kAnI, saMgItAniki mukhya prANaM ayina mAdhuryaM anEkata@h taggiMdanE anAli. palumArlu mOnOTanI anipiMchaDaM kUDA kaddu.

aMgAlokElATivainA aMtulEni bhinna varNachchAyabhEdAlu mAnava SarIraMlO vunnaTlE, gAtra (#Voice)# vAdya SarIrAlalO kUDA lekkakaMdani vibhinna vaiSishTyAlu samakUrutUnE vunnAyi. kAni mAnava mAnasika SArIraka balAniki eppuDO okappuDU, ekkaDO okakkaDa haddu uMDaDaMvalla, ennennO ripiTIshanlu kUDA anivAryAlautunnAyi AlOchitaMgAnU, anAlOchitaMgAnU mUkI chitra yugaM mugisi, TAkI chitrayugaM prAraMbhamaina pradhama daSalO chalana chitrAlalO SAstrIya saMgIta rachanalu pushkalaMgA labhiMchEvi.

appaTlO bAgA pADagalavArE nAyikA nAyakulugA pErupoMdi nilichi velugoMdEvAru. kAnI, plEbAku paddhati vachchina pimmaTa pADalEni naTInaTulaki, naTana adhikaMgA chEtakAkunnA gAyanI gAyakula gAtra RNaM labhiMchaDaM modalavaDavalla chAlA mArpulu kaligAyi. chitra saMgItaMlO appaTikI modaTlO saigal, ke.si.DE, paMkaj mallik vaMTi gAyakulu koMdaru naTistU pADEvAru. hiMdI chitrAlalO saigal mEjik vAyis dvArA iTIvala bahuLa prachAraM gaDiMchukunna gajalsu AnADE chAlA pApyular hiTs ayinAyi. telugu, tamiLa, kannaDa, malayALa chitrAlalO kUDA gAyanI gAyakulaina vidvanmaNulu naTInaTulugA abhyunnati poMdEvAru. nAgayya, bhAnumati, es. varalakshmi, raghurAmayya, eM.el. vasaMtakumAri, eM.es. subbalakshmi, Di.ke. paTTammAL, eM.ke. tyAgarAja bhAgavatAr, Ti.Ar. mahAliMgaM, pi.yu. chinnappa bhAgavatAr, honnappa bhAgavatAr, ji.en. bAlasubrahmaNyaM modalaina palu vidvAMsulu, sahaja gAnapArINulu, SAstrIya, lalita SAstrIya paddhatulalO tama sumadhura gAnaMtO chitra prEkshaka SrOtalni raMjiMpajEsEvAru. appaTlO mukhyaMgA modaTi rAtri sannivESaMlO kUDA tamiLa chitrAlalO karNATaka saMgIta bANIlanE pravESapeTTEvAru.

ji. rAmanAdh, Ar. sudarSan, jNAnamaNi, Imani SaMkaraSAstri munnagu saMgIta darSakulu ekkuvagA karNATaka SAstrIya saMgItaM painE AdhArapaDi maTlu kaTTEvAru. A kAlaMlO bANIlu bahuLa prachAraMlO vuMTU vuMDEvi. hiMdIlO naushAd, telugu, tamiLAlalO si.Ar. subbarAman, eM.es. viSvanAdhan, rAmmUrti, rAjESvararAvu, gAlipeMchala, peMDyAla, susarla, AdinArAyaNarAvu, aSvatthAma, chalapatirAvu, modalainavAri rAka chalana chitra saMgIta gIta paddhatilO palu mArpulu tIsukuvachchiMdi. SaMkar jaikishan, si. rAmachaMdra, es.Di. barman, madan mOhan, rOshan hiMdIlO tama bANIlalO naushAd bANIki marikonni vilakshaNa paddhatulu jODiMchi, paMjAbI, DhOlak, jAj, TvisT vagairA vidhAnAlavalaMbiMchi konni kottadanAlu tIsukochchAru. O.pi. nayyar konni ELlu tanadaina bANIlO chitra saMgItAnni malachEvAru. hEmaMt kumAr^di gAyanaSaili.

naushAd muMdu yugaMlO khEMchaMd prakAS, anil biSvAs, paMDiT kRshNArAvu, vasaMtadESAy vaMTivAru tamadaina oka bANIni pratyEkiMchukunnAru. SAstrIya saMgItAnikE adhika prAdhAnyatanistU naushAd paMjAbI DOl^kI, arabik parshiyan bANIlakI, avasaramainappuDallA pASchAtya saMgItAnikI koMcheM koMcheMgA chOTistU bhAratIya chitra saMgItAniki marO pratyEkata kaligiMchAru. dAniki mari konni merugulu diddinavAru si. rAmachaMdra, SaMkar jaikishan, es.Di. barman^lu. rOshan bhajan gItAlaki pEru gaDistE madan^mOhan gajal Sailiki prAmukhyata nichchEvAru. saut^lO chaMdralEkhatO aMtarjAtIya khyAtinArjiMchina Dram DAns vagairA bANIlu pravESapeTTi pApyulAriTI gaDiMchinavAru rAjESvararAvu. kramEpI paluvuru pramukha saMgIta darSakulu chitraraMgAniki sEvajESAru.

modaTa slOTeMpOlO sAgina saMgItaM phAsTai madhyalO, InADu sUpar phAsTai gaMtulU, chiMdulU vEstOMdi. eMtaTi phAsTu spIDainA chivariki slO kAkatappadu. hechchu taggulu, taggu hechchulai pariNAmaM poMdi tIratAyi. OrputO tilakistuMTE mArpu tUrpuna udayistUnE vuMTuMdi. dESakAlaparisthitula prabhAvaM saMskRtipainA tadvArA kaLalapainA anivAryaM.

telugu chitrAla saMgItaMpainA sAhityaMpainA Adi nuMDi anEka vidhAla prabhAvAla kAraNaMgA, ennennO bRhat pariNAmAlu saMbhaviMchAyi. kottalO telugu pATala varasalu ekkuvagA marAThI bANIlani anusariMchEvi. abhaMgulU, lAvaNIlU, bhaktigIta paddhatulU marAThI saMgItaMlO prAmukhyata vahiMchinavi. oka pratyEkamaina saMgatini gAni, birakAni gAni, vinagAnE adi marAThI bANI ani suLuvugA cheppETaMta vyaktitvaM galavi A marAThI bANIlu. kAlakramENA telugu bANIlapai beMgAlI paddhatula prabhAvaM kUDA paDiMdi. ke.si. DE, paMkaj mallik, saigal, anil biSvAs munnaguvAri saMgIta rachanalalOnU, gAnaMlOnU, alA alA paMjAbI, gujarAtI bANIlU, parshiyan arabik paddhatulU kUDA chOTu chEsukunnAyi. veraiTI kOsaM mAnavuDiki gala sahaja kAMkshavalana mottaM mIda dakshiNa bharata chalana chitra saMgItAnipai uttara bhArata saMgIta paddhatula prabhAvaM koddO goppO paDutUnE vuMDEdi. sannivESAlani anusariMchi chalana chitrAlalO khavAlI pATalU, gajal varasalU prAbalyaM gaDiMchunnAyi. dEvulapalli, dASaradhi, nArAyaNa reDDi, Arudra munnagu vAru tama rachanalalO urudU phaNitulani avasarAnni baTTi prayOgiMchEvAru. sIniyar samudrAla aMjalI pikchars^vAri anArkalI chitrAnikai pATalu rAstunna saMdarbhAna oka kAgitaMpaina pyAr, bEjAr, kaijAr lAMTi kAphiyA (prAsa) padAlani muMdugA ennukuni, vATini tama rachanalO chakkagA poMdikagA samuchitaMgA podigEvAru.

briTIsh sAmrAjyapAlana samayAna ennO AMglapadAlu AyA prAMtIya bhAshala padAlalO yadhAtathaMgA chOTuchEsukuni AyA bhAshalaki cheMdina padAlalAgE InATiki chelAmaNi avutU vuMDaDaM rasaj~nulu gamanistUnE vunnAru. O Diyar, vai phiyar kaM niyar^ lAMTi raims anni bhAratIya bhAshA chitrAla gItikalOnU vADabaDaDaM paripATi ayipOyiMdi. saMgItaMlO kUDA jAj, rAkan^rOl, TvisT vaMTi sTailsu balaM puMjukuni AbAlagOpAlAnni Upi Upi vadilAyi. prastutaM vATanniTinI miMchi vUputunna sTailu ‘DiskO.’ ilA, EdO chinna chinna bhinna pariNAmAlatO chalanachitra saMgItaM sAhityaM tama rUparEkhA lAvaNyAlaki merugulu diddukuMTunnAyi. kAni InADu chitragItAlu, bANIlalO vAdya saMgItAniki prAdhAnya adhikamaina kAraNAna TyUnlu biTlu biTlugA samakUrchabaDaDaM valana chinna chinna viDi viDi padAlaki mAtramE chOTuMDaDaM valana bhAvAlani adhikaMgA chitriMchEMduku vIlu chikkaDaM lEdu. mAmUlugA mATADukunE mATalE pATalugA prayOgiMchaDaM tappanisari avutOMdi. dAniki tODu hAlu daddarillE sauMD sisTams prabalamayyEsariki pATalO vunna nAlugayidu padAlu kUDA Sabda ghOshalO munigipOtunnAyi. atyadhika SabdADaMbaraM valana guMDelu daDadaDalADi bhayAkrAMtulautunna vainaM AScharyakaraM. kAlachakrabhramaNaMlO maLlI mAdhurya pradhAna saMgItayugaM rAvaDaM ippuDeMtayinA avasaraM.

SrIdEvi chirrettipOvaDaM mUDaMchellO jarigiMdi. tanu rAsukuMTunna pATalO lInamai vuMDaDaM valla Ameki A chappuDu muMdu lIlagA vinipiMchiMdi. vini koMcheM chirAku lAMTidi kaligiMdi. koMcheM sEpaTi tarvAta tana EkAgrataki bhaMgaM kaligEsariki kOpaM modalaiMdi. iMkoMcheM sEpaTi tarvAta A chappuDu tAnu rAstU pADukoMTunna pATani vekkiristunnaTTanipiMchi avamAnaMlOki dAri tIsiMdi.

pai gadilO vuMDE vedhavannara vedhavaki tAnu vayOlIn mIda vAyistunna pATa nachchaka alA bUTlatO tappuDu tALaM vEstU goDava peDutunnADannamATa. kOpaMtO paLLu paTa paTA koriki lEchiMdi SrIdEvi. vADiki buddhi cheppakuMDA vadilEdi lEdu. AvESaMtO Ame cheMpalu errabaDDAyi, kaLLu nippulu kakkAyi. tana gadilOMchi bayaTiki vachchi meTlekkiMdi. A kshaNaMlO Ameni chUsina vArevvarainA, A pai gadilO vunna amAyakuDi mIda jAli paDaka mAnaru. tana mIdiki rAbOtunna suDigAli guriMchi teliyadu pApaM, ani niTTUrchaka mAnaru! SrIdEvi talupu gaTTigA taTTiMdi.

“yas! kamin,” lOpalnuMDi koMcheM prasannaMgA maga goMtu vinipiMchiMdi. goMtu eMta bAguMDI EM lAbhaM, manishi saMgItAnni avamAniMchE mUrkhuDiki!

SrIdEvi lOpaliki aDugEsiMdi. lOpala oka chinna gadi, oka peyiMTaru tana kOsaM tayAru chEsukunna sTUDiyOlA vuMdi. gadi SubhraMgAnE vunnA nirADaMbaraMgA vuMdi. gadi madhyalO bommalEsukOvaDAniki kAnvAs bigiMchina Isel vuMdi. Isel painuMchi sigareTTu poga tElutOMdi. Isel kiMdi niMchi jIns pEMT kALLu kanipistunnAyi. bUTlu toDukkunna A kALLu niraMtaraMgA nEla mIda rakarakAlugA tALaM vEstUnE vunnAyi.

“okka kshaNaM iTu chUstArA?” SrIdEvi maryAdagAnE aDigiMdi.

“voddaMDI! ippuDu nAkE mODals tOnU pani lEdu.” Isel venakaniMchi A mUrkhuDi goMtu vinochchiMdi. “mI aDrasu akkaDa A kAgitaM mIda rAsi peTTi veLLaMDi, avasaraM ayitE nEnE kaburu chEstAnu.”

“nEnu mODal^ni kAnu!” SrIdEvi kaThinaMgA aMdi.

A mATatO A goMtu tAlUku mohaM Isel venakaniMchi bayaTikochchiMdi. nOTlO vunna sigareTTuni yAsh TrElO peTTi kurchIlOMchi lEchADu.

“alAgA? muMdilA kUrchoMDi. evaru mIru? EM pani mIda vachchAru?” maryAdagA annADu.

dEvuDu eMta apAtra dAnaM chEstADO konnisArlu! A daurbhAgyuDi goMtE kAdu, mohaM kUDA bAgAnE vuMdi. anniTikaMTE aDDadiDDaMgA vunna A vottaina juTTu, anukuMdi SrIdEvi. kOpaMgA vunnA nijAlu oppukuMTUMdi mari!

“mimmalni DisTarb chEsinaMduku kshamiMchAli. mIku nA pATa nachchinaTTu lEdu.” kOpAnnI, maryAdanI, veTakArAnni samapALLalO mELaviMchi aMdi. Ame veTakAraM atanikEmI arthamayinaTTu lEdu. ayOmayaMgA chUSADu. iha itanitO sUTigA cheppAlsiMdE!

“nEnu kiMda pOrshanlO addekuMTAnu. bahuSa nA pATA, nA vayOlIn nachchaka kAbOlu bUTlatO tALaM vEstU goDava chEstunnAru!”

“adEM lEdE! mI pATa bAgAnE vuMdi.” iMkA ayOmayaMgAnE annADu.

“marayitE A bUTlatO nEla mIda chappuDu chEstAreMduku? chAlA chirAggA vuMdi!”

SrIdEvi kOpaMgA ani veLLaDAniki venudirigiMdi. maLLI Agi, “paigA mIralA bUTlatO taDutU vuMTE nA nettina kappu kUlutuMdEmOnanE bhayaM kUDA! vastA!” aMTU veLLabOyiMdi. appaTiki A aMdagADu tErukunnADu.

“AgaMDAgaMDi! appuDE veLLakaMDi.”

Agi atani vaipu chUsiMdi. snEhaMgA, aMdaMgA chirunavvu navvutunnADu. “mIreMdukO kOpaMgA vunnAru. nijAniki nAku saMgItamaMTE chAlA ishTaM. kAnI, mIru pADE pATa EdO nAku teliyalEdu. UrikE vAyistunnAranukonnAnu. EdO AlOchanalO yadhAlApaMgA bUTlatO nElanu taDutunnAnu. mimmalni DisTarb chEyAlani kAdu.”

“oka kotta pATaki varasa kaDutunnAnu. iMkA sariggA rAvaTaM lEdu,” muktasarigA annA, Ame goMtulO kOpaM taggiMdi.

“ammO! mIru pATalaki varasalu kaDatArA?”

“okaTi reMDu pATalu rAsi varasalu kaTTAnu!”

“yeMta adRshTavaMtulO! nAku asalu alA kaLallO pravESaM vunnavALLaMTE chAlA gauravaM.”

“mIru kUDA kaLAkAruDilAnE vunnArE. EdO peyiMT chEstunnaTTunnAru?”

chirunavvutOnE tala aDDaMgA tippADatanu. “nA boMda! I peyiMTiMgu mAnEsi gODalaki sunnaM vEsukODAniki panikostAnEmO nEnu! ” atani mATallO nirASEmI lEdu.

“EdI, nannu chUDanIMDi!” Isel vaipu naDichiMdi.

“nA mATa vini mIraTu veLLoddu. A peyiMTiMgu chUstE jaDusukuMTArEmO!”

atani mATalu paTTiMchukOkuMDA Isel mIdunna bommani chUsiMdi. nijAyitIgA cheppAlaMTE A bomma ghOraMgA vuMdi. oka chinna pApa iMkoka chinna pilli kUnani paTTukuni vuMdA chitraMlO. AmekEmanAlO tOchalEdu.

“nEnu cheppalE mIru jaDusukuMTArani? dAni pErEmiTO telusA? pilli-pilla! pEru bAguMdi kadU? vinagAnE chUsE vALLaki bommalO saMgatEMTO telisipOtuMdi. annaTTu, A kuDi vaipuna vunnadi pilli kUna! maLLI mIru porapaDatArEmO, vaddani cheptunnA, aMtE!”

SrIdEviki bommala mIda vuMDE abhiprAyAlu A bomma gIsina vALLapai tana abhiprAyAla mIda AdhArapaDi vuMTAyi. aMdulO A aMdagADu tana saMgItAnni kUDA mechchukunnADAye!

“chAlA adbhutaMgA vuMdI bomma!”

saMtOshaM kaMTE AScharyaM ekkuva kanipiMchiMdatani mohaMlO. “nijaMgAnA? hammayya, prapaMchaMlO okkarikainA nA bomma nachchiMdi. iha nEnu hAyigA chachchi pOtAnu. ayitE muMdu kiMdikochchi mI pATa mottaM vinnAkanE anukOMDi!”

“voddulEMDi! chirAkutO nEla mIda bUTlatO tappu tALaM vEstAru.”

“asalu nEnika I janmalO nElamIda bUTlatO tALaM vEyadalchukOlEdu,” annADu gaMbhIraMgA. aMdaMgA navviMdi SrIdEvi.

kaLAkArullO snEhAlu toMdaragA perugutAyi. gaMTa sEpaTlO atani pEru si.jIvi anI, I peyiMTiMgu ataniki bratukuteruvEmI kAdanI, ekkaDO chinna vudyOgaM lATidi chEstunnADanI telusukuMdi. mATlADutunnakoddI atanAmeki nachchasAgADu. tana bommalu aMta ghOraMgA vunnaMduku atanEmI pedda nochchukunnaTTu lEdu. adi Ameki viMtagA anipiMchinA, nachchiMdi.

adE apArT^meMTlO iMkO pOrshanlO vuMDE mOhan^ki eMta vibhinnaMgA vuMdItani dhOraNi, anukuMdAme. mOhan okka chitrAnni kUDA ammukOlEni viphala kaLAkAruDu. appuDappuDU SrIdEvi gadilOkochchi oka kappu kAphI tAgi, tana nirASA, nispRhalani gummariMchi veLtUMTADu. ayitE mOhan abhiprAyaM prakAraM, tAnoka adbhutamaina kaLAkAruDu. pADu nikRshTa prapaMchaM atannI, atani kaLanI arthaM chEsukOlEka vyarthaM chEstuMdi. prajalakasalu E mAtraM kaLA hRdayaM lEdani mOhan gADha nammika. aMduku nErugA vyatirEkaMgA vuMdi jIvi abhiprAyaM. SrIdEviki atani spOrTiv nessU, nijAyitI chAlA nachchEyi.

aMdarikI namaskAraM.

nEnu bhAskar. bAchchA nA muddu pEru. iMDiyA gaNa taMtra rAjyaMgA mArinappuDu puTTina vADini. pi.yu.si. parIkshalO mUDO pArT mAtraM pAsu kAvAlsi uMdi. vachchE nela mUDO sAri A parIksha rAyabOtunnAnu.

mA nAnnagAru lEru. nA chinna vayasulOnE Ayana pOyAru. mugguru annayyalu. bAMbElO peddannayya, kaDalUrulO reMDO annayya. ikkaDa madrAsulO nA mUDO annayya SaSidhar. vADitOnE nEnu uMTunnAnu. amma mUDu chOTlalOnU mAri mAri kAlakshEpaM chEstU uMTuMdi. mugguru koDukulU bAgAnE chUsukuMTAru. ammaki okE chOTa uMTE visugu vachchEstuMdi. lEdA iMkO koDukunu chUDAlanna beMga paTTukuMTuMdi.

SaSidhar^ki pOyina EDAdE peLli ayyiMdi. vADiki mupphai monnanE niMDiMdi kAnI muMdu juTTu appaTikE UDi pOyi baTTatala vachchEsiMdi. eppuDU sIriyas^gAgA uMTADu. bAMk^lO udyOgaM. nelaki padi rOjulainA Ovar TaiM uMTuMdi. adi kAka kOparETiv sosaiTI, AphIsu kyAMTIn vITillO DairakTar. adI chAladannaTlu yUniyan kameTI meMbar. rOjU iMTiki vachchETappuDu okkOsAri rAtri enimidi tommidi kUDA avutuMdi.

mA amma pEru mIda oka TAksI okaTi naDustOMdi. tommidi gaMTalaki iMTiki vachchina tarvAta SaSidhar bhOjanaM mugiMchukuni, baniyan, luMgItO vIdhi dIpaM velugulO DraivarutO goDava paDutU uMTADu. goDavalu lEni rOjullO sumukhaMgA mATlADutU uMTADu. padinnara, padakoMDu gaMTalaki iMTlOki vachchi rAgAnE gurru peTTi nidra pOtADu. annI kalipi nelaki veyyi rUpAyalaki painE saMpAdistunnADu.

ikamIda vachchE kadhalO mA vadinadi mukhyamaina pAtra. ayinA kUDA Ame pEru nEnu cheppadalachu kOlEdu. nEnu mA vadina pEru cheppina tarvAta, adE pErutO mIku evarainA ammAyi mIku muMdE telisi uMDi, Ame rUpaM mI manasulO pAtuku pOkuMDA uMDAlanE, mI mElu kOsamE nEnu vadina pEru cheppakuMDA vadilEstunnAnu. kavi subramaNya bhArati I rOju bratiki uMTE mA vadina bhujAnni tappakuMDA taTTi uMDEvAru. bhEsh! bhEsh! ani utsAhaMtO nOrArA pogiDi uMDEvAru. alAMTi kotta taraM ammAyi tanu. taMDriki okE kUturu. talli lEdu. taMDri railvE nuMchi riTair ayyi, nuMgaMbAkkaMlO soMta iMTlO SEsha jIvitaM gaDuputunnAru. bi.es^si. chadivina kUturuki veMTanE peLli chEsESAru.

vadina kUDA peLLaina marusaTi vAramE tanakaMTU svaMtaM ayina merUn ledar sUT kEsutO, saMsArAniki kAvAlsina sAmAnlatO mAMbaLaMlO unna mA iMTiki kuDi kAlu muMdu peTTi vachchEsiMdi. kODali telivitETalanI, sAmarthyAnni okka nelalOnE grahiMchukunna mA amma kaDalUrulO unna koDukunu chUDaDAniki bailudEri veLli pOyiMdi.

ikkaDa nA guriMchi koMchaM cheppaDaM anivAryaM avutOMdi. iravai ELLaki nEnu kAsta peddavADilAgAnE uMTAnu. mA kAlEjIlO lekchararlu nannu “ErA mAmA!” anE pilustAru. veMTanE mIru pulihOra bAchchA ani nAku pEru peTTakaMDi. nEnu pulihOra bAchchAni kAnu. daddhOjanaM bAchchAnE. alA ani marI amAyakapu daddhOjanaM kAdu. AvAlu, pachchi mirapakAya, karivEpAku annI vEsi tAliMpu peTTi, mAmiDi, allaM mukkalu kalipina ruchikaramaina perugannaM.

mA vadina nAkannA okaTO reMDO ELLu peddadi ayi uMTuMdi, aMtE, Amenu nEnu ippuDu varNiMchabOvaDaM lEdu. iMtaku muMdE subramaNya bhAratini sAkshyAniki pilichiMdi mIku gurtuku uMDE uMTuMdi.

mA vadinA, nEnu poddunna tommidi gaMTala nuMchi, rAtri tommidi dAkA okE iMTlO vaMTarigA, aMTE vEru evarU lEni EkAMtaMlO uMDE vAtAvaraNaM. mA amma telivi lEni daddamma kAdu. Ameki nA guriMchi bAgAnE telusu. dAnikannA ekkuvagAnE mA vadina guriMchi okka nelalOnE telusukoni uMTuMdi. aMdukE dhairyaMgA kaDalUriki bailu dEri veLli pOyiMdi.

SaSidhar^ki Dabbu mIda vyAmOhaM ekkuva. rUpAyi nOTla raMgullO tappa vErE dEnilOnU tEDA chUDani vADu. vADu eppaTilAgE tana rOjulu gaDipEstuMDEvADu. alA gaDuputU Dabbu saMpAdanalO munigi tElutU uMDE vADu.

modaTi reMDu nelalU vadina tana gadilOnE uMDEdi. nEnu vAkiTi arugu mIda kUrchuni kAlaM gaDipE vADini. A sudIrghapu pagaTi vELalanu nEnu iMTlOnE gaDapAlsi vachchEdi. nAtO kUDA chaduvukunna vALLaMtA subbaraMgA chaduvu mugiMchi, pai chaduvulu chaduvutunnAru. nA chEtilO kAnI kUDA uMDEdi kAdu. kAlEjIlO chaduvukunE rOjullO ayinA chEtilO rUpAyO arthO uMDEdi. ippuDu iMTlOnE uMDi chaduvukOvaDaM valla dAnikI dAri lEkuMDA pOyiMdi.

madhyAhnaM mUDu gaMTalaki vadina vAkiTi vaipu vachchi, “kAphI tAgaDAniki rA,” ani pilustuMdi. nEnu lOpaliki veLli veMDi glAsulO tanu ichchina kAphIni gabA gabA reMDu gukkallO tAgEsi tirigi kUDA chUDakuMDA maLLI vAkiTlOki vachchEsE vADini. okasAri alA vastunnappuDu tanu aDigiMdi.

“adi kAphIyA? AmudamA?”

“nO. nO. iT Is Al raiT” annAnu nEnu.

“vich Is?” anaDigiMdi tanu.

nEnu navvESAnu. A navvulu, mATalu mA iddari madyA unna aDDu gODanu melligA tolagiMchAyi. taruvAta mEmiddaraM mAmUlugAnE mATlADukOsAgAM. nEnu pAsu kAvAlsina sabjekT lO kemisTrI kUDA okaTi ani telisinappuDu tanu ekkuva Sraddha chUpiMchiMdi. Ame meyin sabjekT kemisTrIlOnE, phasT klAsulO pAsayyiMdi. oka rOju mATala madyalO tanaki mIThA pAn aMTE chAlA ishTaM ani cheppiMdi. A rOju modalu tanu bhOjanaM chEsina tarvAta pakkanE unna pAn dukANaM nuMchi speshal bIDA kaTTiMchi techchi ichchE vADini.

pagalaMtA EM chEyAlO tOchaka, poddu gaDapaDaM kOsaM mEmiddaraM kyArams ADaTaM prAraMbiMchAmu. A tarvAta kyAraM bOrDu bOr koDutOMdanI, ches ADadAmani vadina annadi. nAku ches ADaTaM teliyadu kAbaTTi tanE nErpiMchiMdi.

tanu taMDri iMTlO unnappuDu, vArAnikOsAri Sani vAraM rOju iMglIshu sinimA chUDaTaM alavATu aTa. mA annayya sinimAki veLLanE veLLaDu. EDAdiki okasArO reMDu sArlO veLLinA E chiraMjIvi sinimAkO veLtADu. aMdu valla nEnu, mA vadina kalisi konni sArlu Sani vArAlu iMglIshu sinimAki veLLaDaM alavATayyiMdi. chAlA maTuku annayya AdivArAllO kUDA iMTlO uMDaDu. AphIsulO chAla maMditO ataniki snEhaM uMDaDaM, vALLa avasaraM koddO, goppa koddO peLLiLLu, chAvu aMTU ekkaDikainA veLli pOyE vADu. aMdarikannA ekkuvagAnE snEhitulani kalavaDaM ataniki alavATu. rOjuki bhAryatO padi nimishAlu mATlADitE ekkuva. mA vadinakO galagalamaMTU mATlADE svabhAvaM. oka rOju vadina nannu aDigiMdi.

“avunU, kOparETiv sosaiTI lOnU, kyAMTIn lOnU DairakTar kadA mI annayya. EdO koMchaM AdAyaM aMdulO nuMchi vastOMdi. yUniyan kamiTIlO meMbar^gA uMDaTaM dEnikI?”

“yUniyan kamiTIlO meMbarugA uMDaTaM vallanE migilina dAMTlO DairakTar ayyE chAnsu dorikiMdi.” UrikE anakUDadu kAnI, mA annayya eM. pi.gA uMDAlsina vADu.

“I vayassulO saMpAdiMchAlsiMdE. kAdananu nEnu. kAnI marI ilAnA? dAniki oka vELA pALA uMDakkarlEdA? I vayassulOnE kadA anubhaviMchaDaM kudurutuMdi? vayasai pOyina taruvAta enni anukunnA EM lAbhaM?” vadina konni sArlu tana digulunu nAtO paMchukunEdi.

“vadinA! anubhaviMchaDAniki vayasekkaDa? mA chuTTAlallO jarigina kadha cheppanA? mA pedanAnna ippuDu mailApUrulO unnAru. aDvakETu. amOghamaina prAkTIsu. adi gAka iMkA ennO vidhAlugA Dabbu saMpAdiMchE vAru. unnaTTuMDi oka rOju, nalabai enimidO EDu naDustuMDagA kOrTuku veLLaDaM mAnESAru. jaDj padavi dorakalEdanna kOpaM ani koMta maMdi annAru. naluguru jaDjIlu saMpAdiMchE Dabbuni Ayana okkarE saMpAdiMchE vAru. adi kAraNamayi uMDadu. eMdukO vaddanipiMchiMdi. aMtE mAnESAru. kAnI vaDDIlu, bADuga, DiviDeMD aMTU Dabbu saMpAdanaki korata lEdu. ippuDu rOjuki enimidi gaMTalu tAguDu. iMkO enimidi gaMTalu pEkATa, mUDO enimidi gaMTalu iMkA EdO. aidELlugA ishTaM vachchinaTlu raMgELI rAjAlA jIvitAnni gaDuputunnAru. eMduku cheppa vachchAnaMTE. yAbhai ELla vayasulOnU anubhaviMcha vachchu.”

“EmOy, idekkaDi katha, nEneppuDU vinalEdE? mI pedanAnna gArA? mailApUrulO uMTArA. saMbaMdhaM mATlADETappuDu attayya nAtO EmI cheppinaTlu lEdE?”

“mEmU Ayana guriMchi cheppukOvaDaM lEdu. Ayana kUDA dAnni lekka chEyaru. nEnu kAlEjIlO chaduvutunna rOjullO nelakOsArO, reMDu sArlO Ayana iMTiki veLli chUsi vachchE vADini. namaskAraM chEsinappuDu, aidO, padO chEtilO peTTEvAru. pheyil ayina taruvAta veLLaDaM mAnESAnu. ‘chadavaDAniki yOgyata lEdu. Dabbu kAvAlsi vachchiMdA nIku dunnapOtA,’ annAru okasAri. dunnapOtA ani Ayana annadi ippuDu kUDA nA chevullO giMgurumaMTuMTuMdi.”

#[#I mukhAmukhI 2011 akTObar, navaMbar mAsAllO rashmi dUbE bhaTnAgar, rAjEMdar kaur saMyuktaMgA nirvahiMchAru. rashmi dUbE bhaTnAgar piTs^barg viSvavidyAlayaM lOni hyUmAniTIs seMTar^lO prastutaM vijiTiMg phelOgA unnAru. rAjEMdar kaur saut Eshiyan liTararI asOsiyEshan (#SALA)# yokka adhyakshurAlu, viliyaM pATarsan viSvavidyAlayaMlO asOsiyET prophesar^gA pani chEstunnAru.#]

#I mukhAmukhI modaTi bhAgaM.

kalOniyalijaM, mODarniTi, aMD liTarEchar lOni atyadhika SAtaM vyAsAla viSlEshaNalu tulanAtmakamainavi. mIru mI upOdghAtaMlO bhAratIya sAhityAnni — vividha bhAshallOMchi, prAMtAllOMchi janitamaina sAhityAlanu — tulanAtmakaMgA pariSIliMchaDaM dvArA manalanu prAMtIya saMkuchita tatvAla bAri nuMDi, sAMskRtika duratiSayaM nuMDi tappiMchukOgalamani vrASAru. dInni guriMchi iMkoMcheM mATlADagalarA?

sAMskRtika duratiSayaM (#Cultural chauvinism)# sAhityAdhyayanaparulaku vishaM lAMTidi. nA uddESyaMlO konni rakAla durahaMkAra bhAvanalu briTIshu pAlanA samayaMlO sAMskRtika anukaraNalO bhAgaMgA utpannamainavi. elA aMTE, mana saMskRtini valasa pAlakulu apratishTa pAlu chEstunnAru anna bhAvanaku pratikriyagA I durahaMkAraM puTTiMdi. chitramaina vishayaM EmiTaMTE I pratikriyAtmaka spaMdanaku (yUrap saMskRtilA nA saMskRti kUDA goppadi) prEraNa 19va SatAbdapu yUrap lO atyaMta hEyamanipiMchE svavarga svajAti vyAmOhaM, iMkA jAti vivaksha dhOraNulu (mEmu sAMskRtikaMgA itarulaina barbarulu, mlEchchulu kaMTE unnatamaina vAramu; mA poruguna unnappaTikini mAkannA takkuva sabhyata, SishTata kaligina vAri bhAshalu mA saMskRtIkariMchabaDDa AryabhAshala kannAtakkuva viluva kaliginavi) modalainavi.

I saMdarbhaMlO phreMchi kulIna vargIyuDaina gobino (#Arthur Gobineau)# pratipAdiMchina jAti vivaksha siddhAMtAla guriMchi, jAtIya sAhitya saMpradAyAlapai mAthyU ArnalD (#Mathew Arnold)# velibuchchina abiprAyAla (kelTik sAhityaMpai vrAsina vyAsAlu) vaikhari guriMchi AlOchiMchaMDi. I charchalO iMkA saMdarbhOchitamainavi 18va SatAbdapu iMglaMDulO AMglAnni pramANIkariMchAlaMTU jarigina vAdanalu. jAti vivaksha bhAvAlatO durahaMkArulu prAmANikAbaddhaM kAni bhAshA siddhAMtAlanu mAnava pariNAma SAstrAlatO muDipeTTi Adhikyatanu chATukonaDaM mIku telisiMdE. oka SatAbdaM taruvAta I bhAvAlanu koMdaru durabhimAna saiddhAMtikulu bhAratadESaMlO pravESapeTTAru. charitrakArulu I abhiprAyAlanu yUrOpiyanu saMdarbhAllO (phreMchitanaM, AMglatanaM) vimarSanAtmakaMgA pariSIliMchaDaM jarigiMdi. kAni I bhAvanalu bhAratadESaMlO chUpina prabhAvaM mIda ippaTidAkA pariSOdhana jaragalEdanE cheppAli. 19va, 20va SatAbdAllO kula varga (#Communalist sentiments)# bhAvanalu astitva vAdAlugA (#Identity theories)# rUpAMtaraM cheMdi balapaDaDaM, sAMskRtika durahaMkAraM abhivRddi cheMdina kramaMlOnE, ani jOya chaTarji anE charitrakAriNi iTIvala vAdiMchAru. aMduchEta, I vidhamaina durahaMkArAniki hiMdU mata agrakulAlaku cheMdinaTuvaMTi krotta jamIMdArula svavarga prayOjanAbhilAsha mUlaM ani cheppAli. 1968 nATikE brUMphIlD anE charitrakAruDu chAlA AlOchanatO I vargAla vaikhari guriMchi vrASADu. abhyudaya bhAvAlu kaligina vimarSakulu, charitrakArulu I vishayaMpai iMkA chAlA pariSOdhana chEyavalasi uMdi.

chAlA bAdhAkaramaina vishayaM EmiTaMTE, idE durahaMkAraM sAhityAnni vakradRshTitO oka AyudhaMlAgA vADukODAniki paniki vachchiMdi. aMTE, mA sAhitya charitra mI dAni kannA prAchInamainadi, phalAnA goppa rachayita mA sAhitya sAMpradAyAniki cheMdina vADu, ilA. I bhAvajAlaM prastutaM praSaMsiMchabaDutunna sAhitI saMpradAyAlaku cheMdina pAThakulaku saitaM maMchidi kAdu. duradRshTakaramaina vishayaM EmiTaMTE, bhAratadESa svAtaMtryaM taruvAta EdO oka rakamaina durahaMkArapu pOkaDa dESIya sAhityAdhyayanAllO prati okkariki sahajasiddhaMgA upalabdhamaina vaikharigA kanipistuMdi. sAhityaM adhyayanaM chEyaDAniki badulugA manaM asahyamaina saiddhAMtika praNALikalO pAlgoMTAmu. pUrti SraddhatO chEyavalasina viSlEshaNa, vyAkhyAnAla sthAnaMlO rachayitala pai guDDi ArAdhyabhAvAnni prOtsahistAmu. sAhitya vimarSa annadi vividha sAMpradAyAla madhya AdhipatyaM kOsaM jaripE pOTI anna apOha, svIya bhAshA saMpradAyAla paTla uddESyapUrvakamaina saMkuchitatvAnni prOtsahistuMdi. I duratiSaya bhAvajAlaM sAMpradAyika saMskRta, yUrOpiyanu sAhitya saMpradAyAlanu gurtiMchi vATilO sAmyaM chUsukOgaladu. kAnI bhAratadESaMlO itara bhAshalalO vachchina nUtana sAhitya paddhatulanu pUrtigA vismaristuMdi. oka rakaMgA I bhAvajAlaM manaDAniki iTuvaMTi aj~nAnaM eMtO avasaraM! modaTi nuMDI DhillI sAhitya akADemi dvAra prachuritamaina dESIya sAhitya charitralu, Eka vishayaka rachanalu I vishayAnni chAlA chakkagA dhruvaparustAyi. nEnu sUchistunna dRkpathaM nuMDi I dhOraNulanu viSlEshiMchaDAniki chAlA siddhAMta graMthAla avasaraM uMTuMdi.

mana duratiSayapu sAMskRtika, saiddhAMtika mUlAla guriMchi mATlADaTAniki sari ayina, samarthanIyamaina naitika paribhAsha iMkA manaku lEdu. aMduvalla duratiSayapu pOkaDalanu samAvESAllO edurkonnappuDu chEsEdEmI lEka kanubomalu eguravEyaDamO lEdA okarinokaru chUsukOvaDamO chEstAmu. ayitE koMdaru sAhityakArulu eMtO dhairyaMgA prayatniMchaka pOlEdu. karnAD (#Girish Karnad) 2001 ‘#di hiMdu’ku vrAsina vyAsaMgAni, lEdA 2009lO ‘di buk rivyU’lO prachuritamaina TagorOleTri (#Tagorolatry)# anna Ayana vyAsaM chUDaMDi. karnAD sUchiMchinaTlugA, ikkaDa mukhyamaina praSna ‘bhAratIya sAhityaM’ annadAMTlO prAmANikamaina rachayitalu evaru ani. iMkA pradhAnaMgA, I ennikalO saMpAdakula bAdhyata EmiTi ani.

maroka mukhya vishayaM EmiTaMTE, svAtiSayaM, durabhimAna dRkpathAlu iMta prabhAvavaMtaMgA unna saMdarbhAllO bhAratIya sAhityAniki cheMdina E rachananainA E vidhaMgA vimarSanAtmakaMgA, vyAkhyAnAtmakaMgA parigaNiMchAli annadi chAlA jaTilamaina praSna. Dikens^nu AMgla saMskRti yokka ghanatanu telusukOvaDAnikai mAtramE chadivitE paristhiti elA uMTuMdO AlOchiMchaMDi. lEdA, marAThI saMskRtini telusukOvaDAniki tukArAMnu, oDiyA sAhitya charitrakunna ghanatanu telusukOvaDAniki sAraLadAsu 15va SatAbdaMlO sabAlTarn dRkkONaM nuMDi vrAsina rAmAyaNa mahAbhAratAlanu chadivinaTTugA uMTuMdi. ilAMTi prayatnAlu yadArthamaina pariSOdhanalanu tappudOva paTTistAyi. eMduchEtanaMTE, ivi manalni madhya, pUrvAdhunika yugAla (#Medieval and Early Modern)# svarUpa svabhAvAlani nirdESiMchina sammiLita sAMskRtika Saktulanu adhyayanaM chEyakuMDA nivAristAyi. udAharaNaku nAtha yOgulu, saMchAra kavulu oka pradESaM nuMchi iMkoka pradESAniki tirigina vainaM oka kotta rakapu charitranu vrAyaTAniki tAvistuMdi. tukArAMnu, sAraLadAsunu kEvalaM sAhitI charitrala parimitulalO chadavaTaM valla vAri rachanallO kanipiMchE kalpanAtmakaSaktini kattiriMchinaTlE avutuMdi. vAri pATallO, kAvyAllO AdhipatyAnni vimarSiMchE dhOraNini mana dRshTi nuMDi tappiMchinaTlE avutuMdi. kAni, mana Adhunika svAtiSaya dhOraNi sAhityAdhyayanaparulanu iMkE vidhaMgAnU sAhityAnni chadavaniyyadu. idEvidhaMgA sAhitya charitranu vrAyAlani SAsistuMdi.

kalOniyalijaM, mODarniTi, aMD liTarEchar saMkalanAniki vrAsina upodghAtaMlO nA vAdana sAhitya charitralu takkuva prAmukhyaM kaliginavi ani kAdu. kAni pAThya vivaraNalu, vyAkhyAnAlu, marI mukhyaMgA, vividha prAMtAlaku cheMdina sAhityAla madhya tulanAtmaka pariSOdhanalu I duratiSayAnni edurkOvaDAniki sahAyapaDatAyi. aMduvalla tulanAtmaka pariSOdhanalu ippuDeMtO avasaraM. svAtaMtryaM vachchi aravai saMvatsarAlaiMdi. ika muMdainA manaM I jAtIya, prAdESika sAhitya charitrala nuMDi dRshTi maralchi, pAThyAlapaina pratyakshaMgA dRshTi sAristE chAla maMchidi. mukhyaMgA tulanAtmaka prastAvanalapai dRshTi kEMdrIkariMchAli. anaMtamUrti (#U. R. Anantamurty)# abhiprAyapaDinaTlugA manaku prastutaM kAvalasiMdi Adhunika bhAratIya sAhityaM paTla sUkshmamaina, niSitamaina vyAkhyAnAlatO pATu vividha prAMtAlaku cheMdina rachanA samUhAla viSlEshaNalu. ippaTikE bhAratIya sAhityaMpai jarigina konni maMchi rachanalu, udAharaNaku EjAj ahmad (#Aijaz Ahmad), #SiSir kumAr dAs (#Sisir Kumar Das), #amIya dEv (#Amiya Kumar Dev), #ayyappa paNikkar (#Ayyappa Paniker)# vaMTi vArivi, I rakamaina tulanAtmaka pariSOdhanala avasarAnni sUchistAyi. mana sAmAjika-sAMskRtika udyamAla svarUpAlanu nirvachiMchE pAThyasamUhAlapai dRshTi sAriMchAlaMTU paNikkar chEsina pratipAdana nAku chAlA nachchina sUchana.

(kavitA paMjAbi (#kavita Panjabi)# saMkalitaM chEsina pAliTiks aMD poyeTiks Aph sUphijaM aMD bhakti in saut EshiyA oka udAharaNa. I pustakaM iTIvalE prachuriMchabaDiMdi. nEnu kEvalaM sUchIpaTTika mAtramE chUsinappaTikini, pustakaM chAlA AkarshaNIyaMgA kanipiMchiMdi.) amIya dEv pratipAdiMchina ‘liTararI hisTarI phram bilO’ — briTishu mArksisTu charitrakArula praNALikanu pratidhvanistU kAbOlu — chAla viluvainadi. kAni muMdugA manaM vividha bhAshA sAMpradAyAla nuMDi veluvaDDa rachanala madhya tulanAtmaka viSlEshaNalanu utpatti chEyAlanna saMkuchita namUnA nuMDi bayaTa paDAli. oka vistAramaina, yOgyamaina sAhitya charitranu vrAyagalagAli aMTE manaM kRtrimamaina sAhitya bhEdAlani adhigamiMchAli. adE kAkuMDA, sAMpradAyikaMgA sAhitya charitra bhAshA saMpradAyAla madhya nirmiMchE gODanu kUDA paDadOyAli.